However, it does seem that when it goes to the courts, the union members usually make out better than nameless investors holding bonds.
Yes, the unions are the first place to start.
In normal bankruptcy (not run by Obama) employees have first dibs on the assets of the entity to cover compensation for work already done. Second are the parties owed monies for work or goods delivered. Third are the entities debt holders. And last are stock holders.
In the case of states, stock holders do not exist, but another party does. That is the citizenry of the state. They are held accountable to meet the obligations of the state with their personal funds. Now the courts cannot legally raise taxes, but they can direct available funds once collected.
These state failures have the potential of turning a large number of people into economic conservatives. And in truth, that is the only thing that can ultimately solve their problems.