Your arguments fail. The question isn’t: Does a State have the right to rebel? The question is: Was the theory of the Declaration of Independence a universal truth, or was it a one-time specious proclamation that only applied at one moment in history? The English could argue, and did, that the Colonists were the freest most prosperous people on earth, and therefore had no right to disable their eternal connection to the motherland.
The Supreme Court settles nothing forever by the way, for if it did Dred Scott would still be the law of the land.
So your argument is, except for the Constitution, except for the Articles of Confederation, and except for the Declaration of Independence, the Rebels were correct.
It wasn't theory. It was and is self-evident, in other words as-plain-as-the-nose-on-your-face, truth. Sadly, though, the South turned the Declaration on its head, using its eternal truth not to declare liberty to all men who had been created equal, but to enforce slavery and servitude on their fellow men.