VW offers a car, right now, that gets over 70 mpg. It’s only available in Europe. Their blue motion Jetta cannot be sold in the US because its particulate emission per gallon burned is higher than allowed. Despite, of course, that it emits fewer particles per mile than compliant cars due to its high mileage. The EPA cannot figure that out. Rules is rules. If you visit the VW UK site, the specifications for their vehicles are listed.
Because of CAFE, they will have to sell the small cars at almost no profit...and tack on a huge prmium to the larger vehicles.
I have long thought that the higher CAFE had the INTENDED consequence of making it harder for Joe Siz Pack to own a pickup truck. With a truck, you can do crazy things, like start a small (non-union/non crony capitalism) business....and in general have way too much independence.