We've been doing this since the 1950s, since the Dingell Johnson Act. Collect an excise tax on fishing equipment and supplies that Treasury turns over to FWS who grants it back to the states.
We've been doing the same thing on hunting equipment and supplies since the Pittman Robertson Act in the 1930s.
They also do it on motorboat fuel.
Some states do it also. Texas has their Sporting Goods Tax.
It actually functions like a user fee. Fishermen pay the tax and fishermen benefit.
Mea culpa. It dawned on me that if the fish being studied are on public lands which the feds have purchased from private owners (5th Amendment) or purchased with the consent of a state's legislature (Clause 17 of Section 8 of Article I), that Justice Marshall's prohibition on Congress's power to lay taxes probably does not apply in this case.
On the other hand, I wonder, if the federal Senate was still under the control of state legislatures, if the Senate would have killed the HoR bill which appropriated funds for this study.
Also, is federal government still under sequester or not?