There are archaic words still spoken in Appalachia that go back that far but the structure and dialect are more Scottish. You have to go to the other end of Virginia and North Carolina to encounter spoken English with a structure and dialect that are very close to Elizabethan English, on isolated barrier islands and remote mainland communities on the bays and sounds. In NC, Hyde County is most associated with this. There’s an island in the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia that’s well known for it as well, but the name of that island escapes me at the moment. Famous for shellfish I think, residents put out crab pots and such for a livelihood.
Your post is fascinating. Many Americans understand that our English got stuck in aspic. What makes it equally interesting, is that the British will often make fun of our use of English without understanding that it is often an archaic form of their very own language.