In real wars the enemy sometimes gets lucky.
Some quick points about that picture you posted.
It’s of the USS Wasp (CV-7) after bring struck by the torpedo that sunk her during the Guadalcanal campaign.
Wasp was a very odd duck of a carrier. Her design was intended to put the most aircraft onto a hull that used up the remaining 15,000 or so tons alloyed to carriers under the Washington treaty.
While she was well built, she had all sorts of design shortcuts to meet the tonnage restrictions. Limited compartmentalization. Inadequate torpedo protection. Limited reserve bouyency. An asymetric hull to allow the starboard side island. Two shafts, not four, with a reduction in machinery that limited her to about 29 knots speed.
A lot of people call her a “smaller Yorktown”, but in reality she was a marginally improved Ranger. She had no business being in the Pacific, but the USN had no other options given the early war attrition of the other carriers. Yes, the Japanese sub got lucky ... but her loss can be directly attributed to her design issues, given that carriers built before her (Saratoga) and after her (Yorktown and Hornet) either took worse torpedo hits and survived, or took worse hits before sinking.
Only if you actually learn from the exercise. The Obama Navy doesn’t seem to be able to.