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"I thought that the cause(s) were quite clear; a bullet through the windshield!"

Yes. Worse, side front windows were shot out in some cases, back windows at other times. And there have been occurrences not shown in the news because of claims that there's no proof of those occurrences being related to the publicized ones.

Some random thoughts from ballistics information in the past...

In the case of the young woman, the bullet slipped right through her neck, apparently without causing a wide wound. Why didn't it cause more damage? That may indicate a slower moving bullet, either slow to begin with or from a long range. Pistol round, 300 AAC Blackout,...? Hard to tell. Bullets tend to hardball after going through something and may not expand much. Could've been nearly anything depending on range, etc.

To all here, if a bullet path is not very perpendicular to a laminated window, it can hit the window from somewhat of an oblique angle, break the window with a loud pop, making a non-round hole and bounce off to the outside somewhere.

From the looks of the several incidents, I'll say that the bullets were probably greater in diameter than .224 (.223) and fired from concealment at fairly close range, maybe even with some sound suppression.

Could be wrong, though. Could be a demented nerd firing from long distance, but that would really be difficult with moving vehicles (speed estimations, lead distances, etc.). Probably not.