You’re posting a lot of BS about what currency manipulation does and does not do. Currency manipulation is really just a backdoor way of lowering the price of exports from say, China, to the US, and increasing the price of imports from the US.
And it is very much to China’s advantage to do this. A simple explanation:
Any manufacturing process requires inputs of both fixed costs and variable costs, VCs being the cost of producing one more unit. FC are a significant cost, but at some point enough units can be produced and sold to recover all FC, and then the production costs of all units produced after that are mostly VC.
A company has reached that sweet spot and makes more profit per unit after all FC have been recovered. Thus, high volumes of exports help them reach that point sand they can lower prices and sell even more units of their products. And they are still protecting their home market and realizing most of the home profits by limiting competition.
This is much closer to what goes on with so called currency manipulation, or price manipulation. This is a cost accounting explanation that happens in reality, and not some crackpot econ theory that has little to do with reality.
How much money has your grocer spent on you? I know you’re always paying him, but what does he buy from you?