The Tesla reportedly functions reasonably well in cold weather if you leave it plugged in until ready to drive. Electricity keeps the battery warm, which is essential for performance.
If you don’t, the car consumes a whole bunch of energy warming the battery and that reduces range considerably.
The car also has built-in cooling for the battery in hot weather, but of course that also consumes energy and so reduced range.
My understanding is that steep hill or mountain driving really blows thru battery power. But then it also burns a lot of gas.
Head winds and water on the pavement also reduce range. In my part of the country, I suspect a Tesla S is a 2nd or 3rd car. When they need to go on a trip, they jump into their Mercedes S class.