Common misconceptions; go back to the root, Jacob, who was also named Israel. Consider if you really want to contend that the King of the Jews is only the King of one tribe of Israel ... And Jesus stood before the governor: and the governor asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And Jesus said unto him, Thou sayest. And now I stand and am judged for the hope of the promise made of God unto our fathers: Unto which promise our twelve tribes, instantly serving God day and night, hope to come. For which hope's sake, king Agrippa, I am accused of the Jews.
Matthew, Catholic chapter twenty seven, Protestant verse
as authorized, but not authored, by King James
boldness mine
The Apostle Paul specifically reference all twelve tribes.
Acts, Catholic chapter twenty six, Protestant verses six to seven,
as authorized, but not authored, by King James
boldness mine
Do you understand the context? Jesus was descended from the tribe of Judah due to a promise to David, who was of the tribe of Judah and was the king of the united Israel. As for Israel and Judah, they were divided in the time of Rehoboam, David’s grandson. Jesus reference to the “lost sheep of Israel” does not call the ten tribes Jews.
Same goes for Paul, originally a Pharisee and technically not a Jew, being descended from Benjamin, although regarded as a Jew due to Benjamin and Levi being part of the kingdom of Judah. He is not calling the Lost Ten Tribes Jews in that passage at all.
All Jews are Israelites, descended from Jacob (Israel).
But not all Israelites are Jews, only those descended from Jacob’s son Judah. David and his descendant kings, including Jesus, were Jews.
After King Solomon died and the Kingdom of Israel split, ten idolatrous tribes took the northern lands and retained the name “Israel.” Two tribes remained in the south (Judah and Benjamin), and they became the Kingdom of Judah, the Jews. Ten tribes in the north + two tribes in the south = twelve total.
Israel was taken into captivity by the Assyrians, and Judah was exiled (and Jerusalem and the temple destroyed) by the Babylonians as a result of idolatry.
The Jews were eventually allowed to return and rebuild and repopulate Judah and Jerusalem. However, the ten northern tribes, the “lost tribes”, were scattered throughout the Assyrian lands and dissolved into other cultures.