I would start with a Ruger 10-22 with some 25 cartridge magazines. These are the most under appreciated weapons made. Many a GI was killed with 22 cal sniper rifles in Germany. There are some YouTube videos showing that a 22LR can be fatal at 300 yards. In any case it is a cheap way to get familiar with shooting semi-auto.
I have a love affair with the Ruger Mini 14 since it is very similar to the rolling block M1 Carbine and Garand of my youth. Not cheap though, over a grand on their web site. You can probably pick up a M1 Carbine cheaper but the ammo is ridiculous, likely to pay 70 cents to a dollar a round. The 223 is just a hopped up 22.
Good Gun
Bad Gun
Same Gun Different Stock. Ruger Mini-14
“What would be a good variant for someone on a tight budget? Caliber, etc?
The above question was posed by poster demsux at post 19. You responded to my reply.
Great response, by the way. Very informative.