In the old days you learned English or else.
Yep. My mom came from Greece as a child in 1952. She and her 6 siblings, aged 4-17, were all put in kindergarten and moved up to the next grade when/as appropriate. Her parents never learned English so school was the place the kids all learned.
I taught school in the fifties.
Kids that couldn’t speak English were just sat down in a seat and ignored———and all teaching was done in English.
Within 6 months most were English speakers-—and often the head of the class.
Immersion works.
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...you simply were refused citizenship. Residence yes, citizenship, NEVER.