It has been illegal to manufacture phones without gps capability since 2016. See post 20.
Very few phones made before 2016 still work on the existing networks.
“Cell phone tracking” has been a “thing” since cell phones were invented (i.e. 5 watt transmit “Motorola Bag Phones”)...GPS capability not needed...police can get cell phone location data from cell providers via “which tower did it ping off of”...not as precise as GPS but can narrow it down to a 1/2 mile or so depending on urban or rural cell coverage.
This is incorrect, AFAIK. For instance, the Benco V80s does not have GPS capability. Maybe you’re limiting your comments to phones made by American companies, but phones made outside the US are not subject to US laws.