A: Columbia couldn't go to the ISS, it was to heavy and didn't have the additional fuel on board to make it there.
B: Columbia carried NO EVA suits since there wasn't an EVA scheduled for this mission. So, even if there had been a rescue shuttle sent up the Columbia wasn't equipt with an air lock for EVA access.
C: There is no way the shuttle can carry enough spare stuff to cover every eventuallity that may occur.
Conclusion: Their luck ran out, plain and simple.....