Motion, Second, Discussion, Close debate, Vote.
Technically the discussion, or debae, can last forever.
You can move to "call the question", which means that you have a vote to end debate on the motion and move it to a vote. (This is called a "cloture" vote). It takes two thirds majority to cut off debate and call a question.
Typically, the procedure is to move on to other matters if a cloture vote is unsuccessful. But, whenever that particular issue comes back for discussion, the debate continues, just like it never stopped.
The chair of the committee, (or President of the Senate, in the case where the Senate is debating an issue as a body) can opt to defer the issue, or to hold the floor open for more discussion.
Holding the floor open really focusses the entire business of the committee (or the Senate) on the issue.
Filibustering is a method of literally talking an issue to death, in most cases.
Focussing the committee's entire effort on the filibuster, however, really challenges the strength of the conviction of the filibustering party.