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CALENDAR of the SAINTS
Anno Dómini 29 April 2012
Ceiling Paintings of Balilihan Roman Catholic church
"....and, lo, a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands; And cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb. ~ ~ Apocalypse
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Abbots of Cluny
In the fragmented and localized Europe of the 10th and 11th centuries, the Cluniac network extended its reforming influence far. Free of lay and episcopal interference, responsible only to the papacy, which was in a state of weakness and disorder with rival popes supported by competing nobles, Cluniac spirit was felt revitalizing the Norman church, reorganizing the royal French monastery at Fleury and inspiring St Dunstan in England. There were no official English Cluniac priories until that of Lewes in Sussex, founded by the Anglo-Norman earl William de Warenne A.D. 1077. The best-preserved Cluniac houses in England are Castle Acre Priory, Norfolk, and Wenlock Priory, Shropshire. It is thought that there were only three Cluniac nunneries in England, one of them being Delapré Abbey at Northampton.
Until the reign of Henry VI, all Cluniac houses in England were French, governed by French priors and directly controlled from Cluny. Henry's act of raising the English priories to independent abbeys was a political gesture, a mark of England's nascent national consciousness.
The early Cluniac establishments had offered refuges from a disordered world but by the late 11th century, Cluniac piety permeated society. This is the period that achieved the final Christianization of the heartland of Europe.
Well-born and educated Cluniac priors worked eagerly with local royal and aristocratic patrons of their houses, filled responsible positions in their chanceries and were appointed to bishoprics. Cluny spread the custom of veneration of the king as patron and support of the Church, and in turn the conduct of 11th-century kings, and their spiritual outlook, appeared to undergo a change. In England, Edward the Confessor was later canonized. In Germany, the penetration of Cluniac ideals was effected in concert with Henry III of the Salian dynasty, who had married a daughter of the duke of Aquitaine. Henry was infused with a sense of his sacramental role as a delegate of Christ in the temporal sphere. He had a spiritual and intellectual grounding for his leadership of the German church, which culminated in the pontificate of his kinsman, Pope Leo IX. The new pious outlook of lay leaders enabled the enforcement of the Truce of God movement to curb aristocratic violence.
Within his order, the Abbot of Cluny was free to assign any monk to any house; he created a fluid structure around a central authority that was to become a feature of the royal chanceries of England and of France, and of the bureaucracy of the great independent dukes, such as that of Burgundy. Cluny's highly centralized hierarchy was a training ground for Catholic prelates: four monks of Cluny became popes: Gregory VII, Urban II, Paschal II and Urban V.
An orderly succession of able and educated abbots, drawn from the highest aristocratic circles, led Cluny, and three were canonized: Saints Odo of Cluny, the second abbot (died 942); Hugh of Cluny, the sixth abbot ( died A.D. 1109 ); and Odilo, the fifth abbot ( died A.D. 1049 ). Odilo continued to reform other monasteries, but as Abbot of Cluny, he also exercised tighter control of the order's far-flung priories.
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Saint Agapius of Cirta, Martyr
Priest. Martyred A.D. 259 at Citra, Algeriawith Saint Secundinus, Saint Emilian, Saint Tertula, Saint Antonia, and a woman and two children whose names are not known.
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Saint Antonia, Martyr
Martyred A.D. 259 at Citra, Algeria with Saint Secundinus, Saint Agapius, Saint Emilian, Saint Tertula, and a woman and two children whose names are not known.
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Saint Ava
Ava was the daughter of King Pepin. She was cured of blindness by Saint Rainfredis, became a Benedictine nun at Dinart, Hainault, and later was elected Abbess.
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Saint Basil of Ostrog
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Saint Caterina Benincasa ( Catherine of Siena ), Doctor of His Church
Caterina Benincasa was born in Siena, Italy, to Giacomo di Benincasa, a cloth dyer who ran his enterprise with the help of his sons, and Lapa Piagenti, possibly the daughter of a local poet.The house where Catherine grew up is still in existence. Born in A.D. 1347, she arrived when the black death struck the area; Siena was badly ravaged. Lapa was about forty years old when she prematurely gave birth to twin daughters, Catherine and Giovanna. Lapa had already had 22 children, but half of them had died. Giovanna was handed over to a wet-nurse, and presently died, whereas Catherine was nursed by her mother, and developed into a healthy child. She was two years old when Lapa had her 25th child, another daughter named Giovanna. Catherine had her first vision of Christ when she was age five or six, saying that Jesus smiled at her, blessed her, and left her in ecstasy. At age seven she vowed chastity.
Her older sister Bonaventura died in childbirth. Within a year, the younger sister named Giovanna also died. While tormented with sorrow, sixteen-year-old Catherine was now faced with her parents' wish that she marry Bonaventura's widower. Absolutely opposed to this, she started a massive fast, something she had learnt from Bonaventura, whose husband had not been considerate in the least. Bonaventura had changed his attitude by refusing to eat until he showed better manners. This had taught Catherine the power of fasting in close relationships. She claimed to feel "jubilant" when cutting off her long hair.
She would later advise her confessor and biographer, the Blessed Raymond of Capua, O.P., ( who went on to become Master General of the Order ) to do during times of trouble what she did now as a teenager: "Build a cell inside your mind, from which you can never flee." In this inner cell she made her father into a representation of Christ, Lapa into the Blessed Virgin Mary, and her brothers into the apostles. Serving them humbly became an opportunity for spiritual growth. The greater the suffering, the larger her triumph was. Eventually her father gave up and permitted her to live as she pleased.
A vision of Saint Dominic strengthened her, though, but her wish to join his Order was no comfort to Lapa, who took her daughter with her to the baths in Bagno Vignoni to improve her health. Soon she fell seriously ill with violent rash, fever and pain, which conveniently made her mother accept her wish to join the "Mantellate", the local association of Dominican tertiary Sisters. Lapa went to the Sisters of the Order and persuaded them to take in her daughter. Within days, Catherine seemed entirely restored, rose from bed and donned the black and white habit of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. As a tertiary, she lived outside the convent, at home with her family like before. The Mantellate taught Catherine how to read, and she lived in almost total silence and solitude in the family home. Her custom of giving away food and clothing without asking anyone's permission cost her family significantly but she demanded nothing for herself. By staying in their midst, she could live out her rejection of them more strongly. She did not want their food, referring to the table laid for her in Heaven with her real family.
Saint Catherine had received the habit of a Dominican tertiary from the friars of the Order, however, only after vigorous protests from the Tertiaries themselves, who up to that point had been only widows.
In about A.D.1366, Catherine experienced what she described in her letters as a "Mystical Marriage" with Jesus, later a popular subject in art as the Mystic marriage of Saint Catherine. Other miracles recounted in Raymond of Capua's biography include her reception of the stigmata and her receiving communion from Christ himself. Raymond also records that she was told by Christ to leave her withdrawn life and enter the public life of the world. Catherine dedicated much of her life to helping the ill and the poor, where she took care of them in hospitals or homes. Her early pious activities in Siena attracted a group of followers, both women and men, while they also brought her to the attention of the Dominican Order, which called her to Florence in A.D. 1374 to interrogate her for possible heresy. After this visit, in which she was deemed sufficiently orthodox, she began traveling with her followers throughout northern and central Italy advocating reform of the clergy and the launch of a new crusade and advising people that repentance and renewal could be done through "the total love for God."
Physical travel was not the only way in which Catherine made her views known. In the early A.D. 1370s, she began dictating letters to various scribes.These letters were intended to reach men and women of her circle, increasingly widening her audience to include figures in authority as she begged for peace between the republics and principalities of Italy and for the return of the Papacy from Avignon to Rome. She carried on a long correspondence with Pope Gregory XI, also asking him to reform the clergy and the administration of the Papal States.
In A.D. June 1376 Catherine went to Avignon herself as ambassador of Florence to make peace with the Papal States, but was unsuccessful. She also tried to convince Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome. She impressed the Pope so much that he returned his administration to Rome in A.D. January 1377. Following Gregory's death and during the Western Schism of A.D. 1378 she was an adherent of Pope Urban VI, who summoned her to Rome, and stayed at Pope Urban VI's court and tried to convince nobles and cardinals of his legitimacy. She lived in Rome until her death in A.D. 1380. The problems of the Western Schism would trouble her until the end of her life.
Saint Catherine's letters are considered one of the great works of early Tuscan literature. More than 300 have survived. In her letters to the Pope, she often referred to him affectionately as Papa ( "Pope" in Italian ). Other correspondents include her various confessors, among them Raymond of Capua, the kings of France and Hungary, the infamous mercenary John Hawkwood, the Queen of Naples, members of the Visconti family of Milan, and numerous religious figures. Roughly one third of her letters are to women.
Her other major work is The Dialogue of Divine Providence, a dialogue between a soul who "rises up" to God and God himself, and recorded between A.D. 1377 and 1378 by members of her circle. Often assumed to be illiterate, Catherine is acknowledged by Raymond in his life of her as capable of reading both Latin and Italian, and another hagiographer, Tommaso Caffarini, claimed that she could write in her own hand, though the majority of her written work was dictated.
Death
Saint Catherine died in Rome, the spring of 1380, at the age of thirty-three. Jesus is also commonly thought to have died at the same age, and Saint Catherine's heroine Blessed Apostle Saint Mary Magdalen is said to have fasted for thirty-three years.
Over the years Catherine had eaten less and less, claiming that she found no nourishment in earthly food. Instead she received the Holy Communion virtually on a daily basis. This extreme fasting appeared unhealthy in the eyes of the clergy and her own sisterhood, and her confessor, Blessed Raymond, ordered her to eat properly. But Catherine claimed that she was unable to, describing her inability to eat as an infermita (illness). She would disgorge what she swallowed, and suffered severe stomach pains, which she bore with patience as another penance.
She was buried in the cemetery of Santa Maria sopra Minerva which lies near the Pantheon. After miracles were reported to take place at her grave, Raymond moved her inside the Basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, where she lies to this day. Her head however, was parted from her body and inserted in a gilt bust from bronze. This bust was later taken to Siena, and carried through that city in a procession to the Dominican church. Behind the bust walked Lapa, Catherine's mother, who lived until she was 89 years old. By then she had seen the end of the wealth and the happiness of her family, and followed most of her children and several of her grandchildren to the grave. She helped Raymond of Capua write his biography of her daughter, and said, "I think God has laid my soul athwart in my body, so it can't get out."
The people of Siena wished to have Saint Catherine's body. A story is told of a miracle whereby they were partially successful: Knowing that they could not smuggle her whole body out of Rome, they decided to take only her head which they placed in a bag. When stopped by the Roman guards, they prayed to Saint Catherine to help them, confident that she would rather have her body ( or at least part thereof ) in Siena. When they opened the bag to show the guards, it appeared no longer to hold her head but to be full of rose petals. Once they got back to Siena they reopened the bag and her head was visible once more. Due to this story, Saint Catherine is often seen holding a rose. The incorruptible head and thumb were entombed in the Basilica of San Domenico, where they remain.
Pope Pius II canonized Saint Catherine in the year 1461. Her feast day, at the time, was not included in the Roman Calendar. When it was added in A.D. 1597, it was put on the day of her death, April 29, as now, but because of a conflict with the feast of Saint Peter of Verona, which was also on April 29, it was moved in A.D. 1628 to the new date of April 30. In the A.D. 1969 revision of the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, it was decided to leave the celebration of the feast of Saint Peter of Verona to local calendars, because he was not as well known worldwide, and Saint Catherine's feast was restored to its traditional date of April 29.Some continued to use one or other of the calendars in force in the A.D. 1628–1969 period.
On A.D. 5 May 1940 Pope Pius XII named her a joint Patron Saint of Italy along with Saint Francis of Assisi. Pope Paul VI gave her the title of Doctor of the Church in 1970 along with Saint Teresa of Ávila making them the first women to receive this honor. In A.D. 1999, Pope John Paul II made her one of Europe's patron saints. She is also the patroness of the historically Catholic American woman's fraternity, Theta Phi Alpha.
Catherine is alleged to have suffered from anorexia mirabilis. Nonetheless she remains a greatly respected figure for her spiritual writings, and political boldness to "speak truth to power"— it being exceptional for a woman, in her time period, to have had such influence in politics and on world history.
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Saint Cercyra
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Saint Daniel of Gerona, Martyr
A hermit martyr, patron of the abbey church of the Benedictine nuns in Gerona, Spain. Saint Daniel is reported to have been a native of Asia Minor.
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Saint Dichu,
Son of an Ulster chieftain.Saint Patrick's first convert in Ireland; giving Saint Patrick the ground at Saul for His first church in Ireland.
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Saint Emilian, Martyr
Soldier. Martyred in A.D. 259 at Citra, Algeriawith Saint Secundinus, Saint Agapius, Saint Tertula, Saint Antonia, and a woman and two children whose names are not known.
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Saint Endellion of Tregony
Sister of Saint Nectan of Hartland. Part of her shrine still exists in Saint Endellion, Cornwall, England.
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Saint Euphrasius of Corfu, Martyr
A criminal, he was converted by Saint Jason and Saint Sosipater while in prison with them. Boiled in oil in the 2nd century on the Greek island of Corfu for his devotion to Jesus Christ. One of the Martyrs of Corfu.
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Saint Faustianus of Corfu, Martyr
A criminal, he was converted by Saint Jason and Saint Sosipater while in prison with them. Boiled in oil in the 2nd century on the Greek island of Corfu for his devotion to Jesus Christ. One of the Martyrs of Corfu.
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Saint Fiachan of Lismore
Monk at Lismore, Ireland. Spiritual student of Saint Carthage the Younger.
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Saint Hugh of Cluny, Martyr
Born to the Burgundian nobility. Eldest son of Count Dalmatius of Semur and Aremberge of Vergy. His father wanted him to become a knight and secular leader; his mother was advised of a vision received by a local priest that her son was destined for religious life. When Hugh seemed more inclined to the Church than the hunt, his father sent him to his grand-uncle Hugh, Bishop of Auxerre, France for education. Novice at Cluny Abbey at age 14. Monk at 15 under Saint Odilo. Deacon at 18. Priest at 20. Benedictine. Abbey prior. Elected abbot A.D. 1 January 1049.
Fought lay investiture, simony, and corruption among the clergy. Founded almost 2,000 new houses, led by like-minded religious, in France, Germany, Spain and Italy. Fought against simony at the Council of Rheims A.D. 1049. Participated in the Council of Rome A.D. 1059 that set the method of election of Popes. Presided over the Synod of Toulouse, and participated in the A.D. 1063 Council of Rome. Served as peace maker between the Vatican and Henry IV. Advisor to nine Popes. Miracles reported at his tomb. Most of his relics were destroyed by Huguenots A.D. 1575.
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Saint Inischolus of Corfu, Martyr
A criminal, he was converted by Saint Jason and Saint Sosipater while in prison with them. Boiled in oil in the 2nd century on the Greek island of Corfu for his devotion to Jesus Christ. One of the Martyrs of Corfu.
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Saint Januarius of Corfu, Martyr
A criminal, he was converted by Saint Jason and Saint Sosipater while in prison with them. Boiled in oil in the 2nd century on the Greek island of Corfu for his devotion to Jesus Christ. One of the Martyrs of Corfu.
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Saint Joseph Benedict Cottolengo, Martyr
Born to a middle class family. Studied at the seminary in Turin.Ordained in 1811. Parish priest in Bra and Corneliano. Doctor of Divinity. Joined the Order of the Corpus Christi in Turin.Canon of the Church of the Trinity in Turin.
For several years, Joseph treated his priesthood more as a career than a vocation. Then one night he was called to the bed of a poor, sick woman in labour. The woman badly needed medical help, but had been turned away everywhere for lack of money. Joseph stayed with her throughout the travail, and was there to hear her confession, give her absolution, Communion, and last rites. He baptized her newborn daughter, and then watched as both of them died in bed. The trauma of the evening changed his mind about his vocation.
In 1827 he opened a small shelter for the area sick and homeless, renting a room, filling it with beds, and seeking male and female volunteers. The place expanded, and he received help from the Brothers of Saint Vincent and the Vincentian Sisters. During a cholera outbreak in 1831, the local police closed the hospice, fearing it was a source of the illness.
In 1832 he transferred the operation to Valdocco, and called the shelter the Little House of Divine Providence ( Piccola Casa ). The Casa began receiving support, and grew, adding asylums, orphanages, hospitals, schools, workshops, chapels, alm-shouse, and programs to help the poor, sick, and needy of all types. This small village of the poor depended almost entirely on alms, Joseph kept no records, and turned down offers of state assistance; never once did they do without. Joseph directed the operation until a few days before his death, and the Casa continues to today, serving 8,000 or more each day. He founded fourteen communities to serve the residents, including the Daughters of Compassion, Daughters of the Good Shepherd, Hermits of the Holy Rosary, and Priests of the Holy Trinity.
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Saint Mammius of Corfu, Martyr
A criminal, he was converted by Saint Jason and Saint Sosipater while in prison with them. Boiled in oil in the 2nd century on the Greek island of Corfu for his devotion to Jesus Christ. One of the Martyrs of Corfu.
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Blessed Maria Magdalena Sordini
Caterina Sordini was born on 16 April 1770 at Grosseto, Italy, the fourth of nine children born into a deeply Catholic family. When she was 17 her father arranged for her to marry a maritime merchant. At first she was against it, but later complied with her father's wishes. The young man gave her a casket of jewels and, having adorned herself, turned to admire her reflection in the mirror but saw the image of the Crucified Christ who asked: "Do you want to leave me for another?"
She took the question seriously and in February 1788 visited the Franciscan Tertiary Monastery in Ischia di Castro. Caterina entered then and there, thus shocking her father who had thought it was merely a visit. She was clothed six months later, taking the name of Sister Mary Magdalene of the Incarnation.
On A.D. 19 February 1789, she fell into ecstasy and saw a vision of "Jesus seated on a throne of grace in the Blessed Sacrament, surrounded by virgins adoring him" and heard him telling her: "I have chosen you to establish the work of perpetual adorers who, day and night, will offer me their humble adoration...". Thus, she was called to become the foundress of the Perpetual Adorers of the Blessed Sacrament and to spend her life adoring Jesus in the Eucharist. In that turbulent period for the Church she set an example to all.
She was elected Abbess A.D. 20 April 1802. The period of her governance was accompanied by extraordinary phenomena and an increasingly fervent spiritual life, and the abbey thrived. With the consent of her spiritual director and the local Bishop she drafted the rules of the new Institute and set out for Rome on 31 May 1807.
A.D. 8 July that year, she and a few Sisters moved into Sts Joachim and Anne convent, near the Trevi Fountain. Under the French occupation it was confiscated and the Napoleonic laws suppressed her Order. She was exiled to Tuscany.
There she formed a new group of Adorers A.D. 19 March 1814, when they could return to Rome they settled at Sant'Anna al Quirinale. A.D. 13 February 1818, Pope Pius VII approved the Institute dedicated to perpetual, solemn, public exposition of the Most Blessed Sacrament.
Mother Sister Mary Magdalene died in Rome A.D. 29 April 1824. She was buried at Sant'Anna al Quirinale and in 1839 her remains were translated to the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena, the new generalate of the Perpetual Adorers of the Blessed Sacrament in Rome. Pope John Paul II decreed her heroic virtues A.D. 2001 and in 2007, Benedict XVI recognized a miracle attributed to her intercession.
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Saint Marsalius of Corfu, Martyr
A criminal, he was converted by Saint Jason and Saint Sosipater while in prison with them. Boiled in oil in the 2nd century on the Greek island of Corfu for his devotion to Jesus Christ. One of the Martyrs of Corfu.
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Martyrs of Corfu
A gang of thieves who converted while in prison, brought to the faith by Saint Jason and Saint Sosipater who were had been imprisoned for evangelizing. When the gang announced their new faith, they were all boiled in oil in the 2nd century on the Greek island of Corfu for their devotion to Jesus Christ.
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Bishop Saint Paulinus of Brescia
Bishop of Brescia, Italy A.D. 524.
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Saint Peter Verona, Martyr
Son of Catharist heretics. Educated in a Catholic school and at the University of Bologna. Embraced orthodox Catholicism upon hearing the teaching of Saint Dominic. Became a Dominican at age 16, received into the order by Saint Dominic.Priest. Noted and inspiring preacher in the Lombard region, he spoke often against the Catharists. Called a "Second Paul" because he turned from heresy and tried to convert his former confreres. Inquisitor for northern Italy c.1234, appointed by Pope Gregory IX. Assigned to preach against Manichaeanism, he evangelized throughout Italy. Murdered by Catharists on the road. Miracle worker. Italy. Interred in the mausoleum of the church of Saint Eustorgio, Milan. Miracles reported at his tomb.
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Blessed Robert Bruges
Cistercian abbot, also called Robert Gruthhysen. He was born in Burges, Belgium, and entered the Cistercians. In 1311, he went to Clairvaux, France, where Saint Bernard of Clairvaux established the framed community. Eight years later, he was sent to his native region where he served as abbot of the monastery at Dunes. In 1153, he received the honor of succeeding Saint Bernard as abbot of Clairvaux.
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Saint Robert of Molesme, Martyr
Born to the nobility. Benedictine monk in 1044. Prior of Moutiers-la-Celle Abbey. Abbot of Saint-Michel-de-Tonnerre, but considered it to have lax standards. Prior of Saint-Ayeul Abbey. In 1075, in an attempt to return to a simpler form of Benedictine life requested by a group of hermits from the forests around Colan, France, he helped found the monastery at Molesme, Burgundy. The group, especially Robert, gained a reputation for piety, which led to bequests of cash, which led to an increase in size of the monastery, which led to internal difficulties, and suddenly there were many brothers that objected to the severe life practised by the founders. Robert twice left to live on his own, but was ordered back to his position by the pope. In early 1098 Robert, Saint Stephen Harding, Saint Alberic of Citeaux and 18 other monks left Molesme, and on 21 March they founded the monastery of Cîteaux near Dijon, France, with the goal of living strictly by the Benedictine Rule, strict vows of poverty, and frequent retreats; Robert served as the first abbot. However, with conditions deteriorating at the Molesme house he was re-assigned as abbot there in 1100 with a mandate to reform; he lived and worked there the rest of his life. Traditionally considered one of the founders of the Cistercians, the reform that developed at Citeaux.
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Saint Rudolph Strabo
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Saint Saturninus of Corfu , Martyr
A criminal, he was converted by Saint Jason and Saint Sosipater while in prison with them. Boiled in oil in the 2nd century on the Greek island of Corfu for his devotion to Jesus Christ. One of the Martyrs of Corfu.
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Saint Secundinus, Martyr
Priest. Martyred A.D. 259 at Citra, Algeria with Saint Secundinus, Saint Emilian, Saint Tertula, Saint Antonia, and a woman and two children whose names are not known.
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Saint Senan of Wales, Martyr
Seventh century hermit in north Wales.
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Saint Severus of Naples
Bishop of Naples, Italy. Miracle worker; he once brought a dead man back to life so he could clear his widow of false accusations.
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Saint Tertula, Martyr
Martyred A.D. 259 at Citra, Algeria with Saint Secundinus, Saint Agapius, Saint Emilian, Saint Antonia, and a woman and two children whose names are known.
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Saint Torpes of Pisa, Martyr
Martyred A.D. 65 at Pisa, Italy during the persecution of Catholics by pagan Nero. Saint-Tropez, France is named for him.
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BishopSaint Tychicus of Colophon, Martyr
A disciple of Blessed Apostle Saint Paul mentioned five times in the New Testament ( Acts 20:4; Colossians 4:7; Ephesians 6:21; 2 Timothy 4:12; Titus 3:12 ). According to Blessed Apostle Saint Paul’s Letters to the Colossians and Ephesians, he was described as "my beloved brother and trustworthy minister in the Lord." Tradition declares him to have become bishop of Paphos, Cyprus.
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Bishop Saint Wilfrid the Younger
Wilfrid was a student of England’s Whitby Abbey and a pupil of the bishop of York, (Saint) John of Beverley, who greatly esteemed him and chose him as his chaplain. After John had resigned his office to spend his remaining years in a monastery, Wilfrid succeeded him in the See of York. During his episcopate, Wilfrid manifested a great zeal in preaching to the faithful. He later followed in his mentor’s footsteps by spending the end of his life in a monastery.
Saint Wilfrid the Younger, was the last Bishop of York, as the See was converted to an archbishopric during the time of his successor. In the 10th century, two different groups claim to have taken the relics of an earlier Wilfrid from Ripon; most likely one party took those of Wilfrid the Younger.
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