Feast: St Thomas, Apostle
From: Ephesians 2:19-22
Reconciliation of Jews and Gentiles in Christ (Continuation)
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Commentary:
11-22. What is the significance of the calling of the Gentiles to the Church?
Their previous situation, separated from Christ (vv. 11-12), has undergone radical
change as a result of the Redemption Christ achieved on the Cross: that action
has, on the one hand, brought the two peoples together (made peace between
them: vv. 13-15) and, on the other, it has reconciled them with God, whose ene-
my each was (vv. 16-18). The Redemption has given rise to the Church, which
St Paul here describes as a holy temple built on the foundation of the apostles
and prophets (vv. 19-22).
19. After describing the Redemption wrought by Christ and applied in the Church
by the Holy Spirit, St Paul arrives at this conclusion: the Gentiles are no longer
strangers; they belong to Christ’s Church.
In the new Israel (the Church) privileges based on race, culture or nationality
cease to apply. No baptized person, be he Jew or Greek, slave or free man, can
be regarded as an outsider or stranger in the new people of God. All have proper
citizenship papers. The Apostle explains this by using two images: The Church
is the city of saints, and God’s family or household (cf. 1 Tim 3:15). The two ima-
ges are complementary: everyone has a family, and everyone is a citizen. In the
family context, the members are united by paternal, filial and fraternal links, and
love presides; family life has a special privacy. But as a citizen one is acting in a
public capacity; public affairs and business must be conducted in a manner that
is in keeping with laws designed to ensure that justice is respected. The Church
has some of the characteristics of a family, and some of those of a polity (cf. St
Thomas Aquinas, “Commentary on Eph, ad loc.”).
The head of the Church is Christ himself, and in his Church are assembled the
children of God, who are to live as brothers and sisters, united by love. Grace,
faith, hope, charity and the action of the Holy Spirit are invisible realities which
forge the links bringing together all the members of the Church, which is more-
over something very visible, ruled by the successor of Peter and by the other
bishops (cf. Vatican II, “Lumen Gentium”, 8), and governed by laws—divine and
ecclesiastical—which are to be obeyed.
20-22. To better explain the Church, the Apostle links the image of “the house-
hold of God” to that of God’s temple and “building” (cf. 1 Cor 3:9). Up to this he
has spoken of the Church mainly as the body of Christ (v. 16). This image and
that of a building are connected: our Lord said, “Destroy this temple and in three
days I will raise it up” (Jn 2:19), and St John goes on to explain that he was
speaking “of the temple of his body” (Jn 2:21). If the physical body of Christ is
the true temple of God because Christ is the Son of God, the Church can also
be seen as God’s true temple, because it is the mystical body of Christ.
The Church is the temple of God. “Jesus Christ is, then, the foundation stone of
the new temple of God. Rejected, discarded, left to one side, and done to death
—then as now—the Father made him and continues to make him the firm immo-
vable basis of the new work of building. This he does through his glorious resur-
rection [...].
“The new temple, Christ’s body, which is spiritual and invisible, is constructed by
each and every baptized person on the living cornerstone, Christ, to the degree
that they adhere to him and ‘grow’ in him towards ‘the fullness of Christ’. In this
temple and by means of it, the ‘dwelling place of God in the Spirit’, he is glorified,
by virtue of the ‘holy priesthood’ which offers spiritual sacrifices (1 Pet 2:5), and
his kingdom is established in the world.
“The apex of the new temple reaches into heaven, while, on earth, Christ, the
cornerstone, sustains it by means of the foundation he himself has chosen and
laid down—’the apostles and prophets’ (Eph 2: 20) and their successors, that is,
in the first place, the college of bishops and the ‘rock’, Peter (Mt 16: 18)” (Bl.
John Paul II, “Homily at Orcasitas, Madrid”, 3 November 1981).
Christ Jesus is the stone: this indicates his strength; and he is the cornerstone
because in him the two peoples, Jews and Gentiles, are joined together (cf. St
Thomas Aquinas, “Commentary on Eph, ad loc”.). The Church is founded on this
strong, stable bedrock; this cornerstone is what gives it its solidity. St Augustine
expresses his faith in the perennial endurance of the Church in these words:
“The Church will shake if its foundation shakes, but can Christ shake? As long
as Christ does not shake, so shall the Church never weaken until the end of
time” (”Enarrationes in Psalmos”, 103).
Every faithful Christian, every living stone of this temple of God, must stay fixed
on the solid cornerstone of Christ by cooperating in his or her own sanctification.
The Church grows “when Christ is, after a manner, built into the souls of men
and grows in them, and when souls also are built into Christ and grow in him;
so that on this earth of our exile a great temple is daily in course of building, in
which the divine majesty receives due and acceptable worship” (Pius XII, “Me-
diator Dei”, 6).
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
From: John 20:24-29
Jesus Appears to the Disciples (Continuation)
[26] Eight days later, His disciples were again in the house, and Thomas was
with them. The doors were shut, but Jesus came and stood among them, and
said, “Peace be with you.” [27] Then He said to Thomas, “Put your finger here,
and see My hands; and put out your hand, and place it in My side; do not be
faithless, but believing.” [28] Thomas answered Him, “My Lord and my God!”
[29] Jesus said to him, “Have you believed because you have seen Me?
Blessed are those who have not seen and yet believe.”
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Commentary:
24-28. Thomas’ doubting moves our Lord to give him special proof that His risen
body is quite real. By so doing He bolsters the faith of those who would later
on find faith in Him. “Surely you do not think”, Pope St. Gregory the Great com-
ments, “that is was a pure accident that the chosen disciple was missing; who
on his return was told about the appearance and on hearing about it doubted;
doubting, so that he might touch and believe by touching? It was not an acci-
dent; God arranged that it should happen. His clemency acted in this wonderful
way so that through the doubting disciple touching the wounds in His Master’s
body, our own wounds of incredulity might be healed. [...] And so the disciple,
doubting and touching, was changed into a witness of the truth of the Resurrec-
tion” (”In Evangelia Homiliae”, 26, 7).
Thomas’ reply is not simply an exclamation: it is an assertion, an admirable act
of faith in the divinity of Christ: “My Lord and my God!” These words are an eja-
culatory prayer often used by Christians, especially as an act of faith in the real
presence of Christ in the Blessed Eucharist.
29. Pope St. Gregory the Great explains these words of our Lord as follows:
“By St. Paul saying ‘faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of
things unseen’ (Hebrews 11:1), it becomes clear that faith has to do with things
which are not seen, for those which are seen are no longer the object of faith, but
rather of experience. Well then, why is Thomas told, when he saw and touched,
‘Because you have seen, you have believed?’ Because he saw one thing, and be-
lieved another. It is certain that mortal man cannot see divinity; therefore, he saw
the man and recognized Him as God, saying, ‘My Lord and my God.’ In conclu-
sion: seeing, he believed, because contemplating that real man he exclaimed
that He was God, whom he could not see” (”In Evangelia Homiliae”, 27, 8).
Like everyone else Thomas needed the grace of God to believe, but in addition to
this grace he was given an exceptional proof; his faith would have had more merit
had he accepted the testimony of the other Apostles. Revealed truths are normal-
ly transmitted by word, by the testimony of other people who, sent by Christ and
aided by the Holy Spirit, preach the deposit of faith (cf. Mark 16:15-16). “So faith
comes from what is heard, and what is heard comes from the preaching of Christ”
(Romans 10:17). The preaching of the Gospel, therefore, carries with it sufficient
guarantees of credibility, and by accepting that preaching man “offers the full sub-
mission of his intellect and will to God who reveals, willingly assenting to the reve-
lation given” (Vatican II, “Dei Verbum”, 5).
“What follows pleases us greatly: ‘Blessed are those who have not seen and yet
believe.’ For undoubtedly it is we who are meant, who confess with our soul Him
whom we have not seen in the flesh. It refers to us, provided we live in accordance
with the faith, for only he truly believes who practices what the believes” (”In Evan-
gelia Homiliae”, 26, 9).
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.