No government. Rampant poverty.
In fact through out history despite places having little or no government there was rampant poverty.
Poverty is the natural state of the majority of people. Prosperity is the exception.
I read history very differently. Left to their own devices people will create stable accommodations in small communities. There are, of course, famines but they normally occur under some kind of brutal dictatorship. Disease is a different matter.
Humans seek to avoid hunger and deprivation. It occurs when some humans determine that subjugation by force (the very definition of government) will alleviate their own need to work for a living. History is replete with atrocity. It is not replete with people willingly failing to support themselves. The earth is bountiful, fully capable of providing for those willing to hunt, till and weave.
Samalian poverty is a function of government corruption. It is not the lack of government that has produced famine. It is the corruption of those in charge who took needed resources for themselves and deliberately starved their countrymen.