The "Lamb that was slain before the foundation of the world" is obviously Christ; but that doesn't mean that Jesus was crucified before the world even began, or that He is crucified over and over. It does mean, though, that His entire oblation to the Father has an aspect which is beyond Time and rooted in Eternity.
Philosophy is not bible...Just because some philosopher thought it up doesn't mean there's an ounce of truth to it...