[Springfield Reformer]

Good observations. The shift from a sacral model of the state to the two-sphere model of the later reformers was a long process of transformation. Jesus Himself is credited by some analysts for sowing the seeds of this when He said, “Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar’s, and unto God that which is God’s.”

[Cronos]

Though prior to Jesus' time you did have a separation of Jewish kings and Jewish High priests. Even in Jesus time you had Herod and his offspring as secular rulers and the High priest as the religious ruler

And in Hinduism you do have a separation between Kshatriya (warriors) and brahmins (priests)