_Jim
Since May 12, 1998
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_Jim
Since May 12, 1998
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Chief molecular absorbers in the atmosphere are water vapour and carbon dioxide, with contributions also from ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and others. The general atmospheric transmittance across the whole spectrum of wavelengths is also shown in Figure 4. Wavelengths used for remote sensing of the surface are chosen in windows where the atmos-pheric transmittance approaches 100%.
In general, atmospheric absorption tends to become stronger from the visible to the infrared. Water vapour causes most absorption in the near infrared from 0.7um to 6 um (but with C0 2 bands at 2.7 um and 4.3 um), there is strong C02 absorption around 15 um, then intense water vapour absorption takes over right through to about 1 mm wavelength
Solar and Terrestrial Radiation
Solar radiation
EMR emitted from sun which passes through the atmosphere and is reflected in varying degrees by Earth's surface and atmosphere
The Not so subtle oppression by Liberalism (Rush 6-07-2000 4:06 RealAudio). Liberalism is a phony premise. It promises to be liberating YET it's confining ... you have to conform to certain norms OR you're not going to be approved. Liberalism is said to be 'equality-based, non-judgemental' ... YET look at Paula Jones and her treatment by the NOW gang ...
Liberalism - The most GutLess choice you can make (Rush 6-27-2000 2:57 RealAudio) - and core driving political force of the contemporary Democratic party. It takes no guts to be a Liberal - you are for everything and condemn virtually nothing. Conservatism on the other hand is an intellectual excerise. Conservatism is not rooted in feelings, it's not oriented in making yourself *feel better* about yourself BUT is the result of having a passion for the truth - Liberalism in many ways is a way of papering it over ...
Firebrand commentator, author and goddess Ann Coulter on Rush's show with Mark Belling (10-21-2003 15:34 RealAudio). Ann 'tells it like it is' about today's modern Democrats - without reservation, without hesitation and without apology. Sock-it-to-em Ann!
Technical:
**** Solar flare/Geomagnetic Storm effects on Technology, on Power Systems, on Radio Propagation, on GPS.
**** 150 Years of Geomagnetic Storm Effects.
**** Space Environment Center Topic Paper: Satellites and Space Weather. Like ships at sea, satellites sail the ocean of space. And, like their terrestrial counterparts, satellites must endure severe storms in the environment in order to perform their mission.
- Electrical Charging (due to ion embedding in non-conducting surfaces)
- Single Event Upsets (high-energy particles affect semiconductor junctions in logic gates)
- Radiation Hazards (permanent damage from X-rays)
- Spacecraft drag and Orbital Tracking (Space lab is/was an example)
- Disorienting magnetic fluctuations and discharges (disorient on-board atttitude and station-keeping compasses)
- Radio interference ('desense' of ground station receivers whose antennas can 'view the sun')
**** May 19th, 1998 Loss of Galaxy IV (Galaxy 4) satellite - taking with it most pager service in North America (any paging system like PageMart's or PageNet's that used VSATs through this bird to communicate with their terrestially-located paging sites across the US) - Technical reason for loss.
**** RADIO PAGING AND WIRELESS MESSAGING TOPICS written by Brad Dye
**** How stuff works: "How Power Grids Work"
**** Michigan Public Service Commission Report on August 14th Blackout
**** Resources for Understanding the Blackout of 2003 www.pserc.wisc.edu (Power Systems Engineering Research Center)
Blackout Description Data Measurements Investigations PSERC Resources Background Papers Grid Reliability Studies Media Articles Other Links
**** Blackout of 2003: Description, Responses and Research Directions
**** 650 page transcript of Midwest ISO control center from 1:00 to 5:00 pm Eastern Time, 8/14/2003
**** NERC Blackout Investigation Web Page
**** ACE-Frequency Real-Time Monitoring System: Real-Time Reliability Management Tools: Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS)
Iraq WMD resources (piasa's web page)