[SunkenCiv]

Spina was located south of modern Venice, but the practice of building a town of canals in place of streets probably originated in Spina, or earlier. It was destroyed by those vanguards of civilization, the Gauls. ;')

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[SunkenCiv]

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[RightWhale]

The practice of building up pads and enhancing drainages seems like a natural thing to do. If you are in a flood plain it seem like the only way to build. The hugh, ancient agricultural plots in South America were built up. Right here the gov't has recommended people build on raised pads on the flood plain. Some don't want to go to the trouble of building up before building, but it is well worth while.

[SunkenCiv]

50 Ancient Tombs Uncovered (1400BC, Crete) ^
	Posted by blam On News/Activism ^ 07/18/2004 1:17:56 PM PDT · 47 replies · 1,026+ views The Australian ^ | 7-18-2004 50 ancient tombs uncovered From correspondents in Athens July 18, 2004 ARCHEOLOGISTS have discovered 50 tombs dating back to the late Minoan period, around 1400 BC, and containing a number of artifacts on the Greek island of Crete, ANA news agency reported today. The tombs were part of the once powerful ancient city of Kydonia, which was destroyed at the time but later rebuilt. The oldest among them contained bronze weapons, jewellery and vases and are similar to the tombs of fallen soldiers of the Mycenaean type from mainland Greece, said the head of the excavations, Maria Vlazaki. The more...
Dietler Discovers Statue In France That Reflects Etruscan Influence ^
	Posted by blam On News/Activism ^ 02/19/2004 3:22:01 PM PST · 1 reply · 7+ views University Of Chicago Chronicle ^ | 2-19-2004 | William Harms Dietler discovers statue in France that reflects an Etruscan influence By William Harms News Office This image depicts the reconstruction of the statue Michael Dietler found at Lattes in southern France. An image of the statue is positioned in the torso area of the figure of the warrior." A life-sized statue of a warrior discovered in southern France reflects a stronger cultural influence for the Etruscan civilization throughout the western Mediterranean region than previously appreciated. Michael Dietler, Associate Professor in Anthropology, and his French colleague Michel Py have published a paper in the British journal Antiquity on the Iron Age...
Etruscan Demons, Monsters Unearthed ^
	Posted by blam On News/Activism ^ 11/05/2003 8:18:48 AM PST · 49 replies · 83+ views Discovery news.com ^ | 11-5-2003 | Rossella Lorenzi Etruscan Demons, Monsters Unearthed Rossella Lorenzi, Discovery News Demonic Charioteer with the Shadow of DeathNov. 5, 2003 ó Etruscan art, made of strange demons and monsters, is emerging in a Tuscan village, in what could be one of the most important discoveries of recent times, according to scholars who have seen the paintings. Lurking on the left wall of a 4th century B.C. tomb, the exceptionally preserved monsters have been unearthed during the ongoing excavation of the Pianacce necropolis in Sarteano, a village 50 miles from Siena, Italy. "So far we have found some scenes of banquets, snake-like monsters, demons,...
The Etruscans: Reopening the Case of the Mute Civilization ^
	Posted by SunkenCiv On General/Chat ^ 08/04/2004 11:39:04 AM PDT · 14 replies · 94+ views New York Times ^ | May 27, 2001 | Alan Riding Yet even the catalog is wary of answering the question central to the "mystery" of the Etruscans: where did they come from? Did they migrate from Greece or beyond? Did they travel down from the Alps? Or, as their pre- Indo-European language might suggest, were they a people indigenous to today's Tuscany who suddenly acquired the tools for rapid development? Such are the pros and cons of each theory, the French historian Dominique Briquel notes in his catalog essay, that "the problem must be held to be unresolved." ...[T]hey spoke the same language, which also existed in a written...
Fabled Etruscan Kingdom Emerging? ^
	Posted by blam On News/Activism ^ 04/22/2004 6:18:57 PM PDT · 11 replies · 11+ views Discovery News ^ | 4-22-2004 | Rossella Lorenzi Fabled Etruscan Kingdom Emerging? By Rossella Lorenzi, Discovery News April 21, 2004 ó The fabled kingdom of the Etruscan king Lars Porsena is coming to light in the Tuscan hills near Florence, according to an Italian University professor. Known as Chamars, where the lucumo (king) Porsena reigned in the 6th century B.C., this was the leading city-state of the Etruscan civilization that dominated much of Italy before the emergence of Rome. It was from there that Porsena is said to have launched his most successful attack upon Rome in order to restore the exiled Tarquinius Superbus to the throne. Porsena...
Huge Etruscan Road Brought To Light ^
	Posted by blam On News/Activism ^ 06/17/2004 3:38:42 PM PDT · 29 replies · 10+ views Discovery News ^ | 6-16-2004 | Rossella Lorenzi Huge Etruscan Road Brought to Light By Rossella Lorenzi, Discovery News The Excavated Road June 16, 2004 ó A plain in Tuscany destined to become a dump has turned out to be an archaeologist's dream, revealing the biggest Etruscan road ever found. Digging in Capannori, near Lucca, archaeologist Michelangelo Zecchini has uncovered startling evidence of an Etruscan "highway" which presumably linked Etruscan Pisa, on the Tyrrhenian coast, to the Adriatic port of Spina. Passing through Bologna, the ancient "two-sea highway" runs just a few meters away from today's modern highway which links Florence to the Tyrrhenian coast. "It all started...
Lost No More: An Etruscan Rebirth ^
	Posted by blam On News/Activism ^ 04/15/2003 10:36:32 AM PDT · 4 replies · 5+ views New York Times ^ | 4-15-2003 | John Noble Wilford Lost No More: An Etruscan Rebirth By JOHN NOBLE WILFORDNY Times, 4-15-2003 HILADELPHIA ó The Romans relished their founding myths. Aeneas, a fugitive from fallen Troy, anchored in the mouth of the Tiber River and there in the hills of Latium rekindled the flame of Trojan greatness. Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars and a sleeping beauty, were suckled by a she-wolf and grew up to establish the city destined for grandeur. In reality, though, the Romans owed more than they ever admitted to their accomplished predecessors and former enemies on the Italian peninsula, the Etruscans. They were known...

[NYer]

In case you missed it ... from Discovery.com

June 16, 2004 — A plain in Tuscany destined to become a dump has turned out to be an archaeologist's dream, revealing the biggest Etruscan road ever found.

Digging in Capannori, near Lucca, archaeologist Michelangelo Zecchini has uncovered startling evidence of an Etruscan "highway" which presumably linked Etruscan Pisa, on the Tyrrhenian coast, to the Adriatic port of Spina.

Huge Etruscan Road Brought to Light

[SunkenCiv]

This may be what I remember, and have just scrambled some of the details, including which thread this post is in reply to (':

The Etruscans
by Michael Grant

Clusium's sixth-century King Lars Porsenna was regarded as the most powerful Etruscan of all time. His grandeur was illustrated by traditions of his enormous tomb beside the city. Varro, the Roman antiquarian of the first century BC, has left us what purports to be an account of the monument. He described it as a stone construction three hundred feet square, towerring above a fifty-foot-high pedestal containing a tangled labyrinth of chambers. On the pedestal, he added, stood five pyramids, four at the corners and one at the centre, each seventy-five feet broad at the base and a hundred and fifty feet high; they supported a bronze disk which formed the base of a conical cupola hung with bells fastened with chains. Around the cupola were five further pyramids, and these in their turn supported another platform above which four additional pyramids towered... Pliny... who quoted the passage, rightly dismissed much of its contents... Lars Porsenna was buried in a mighty tomb... although it still remains to be discovered. [pp 205-206]

this is the same ISBN/edition I have here, from over 20 years ago.

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[SunkenCiv]

A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian
by Carl Darling Buck
1904
introduction online

The grammar is called a Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian, not of the Oscan-Umbrian dialects, for it does not pretend to treat systematically the minor dialects included under the name Oscan-Umbrian. Most of the characteristics of these dialects (so far as they are clear) are mentioned incidentally, mainly in the Introduction. But to discuss or even mention all the questions arising in the attempt to generalize from material consisting of only a few lines, would require an amount of space not justified by the results. Unless the material from these minor dialects is notably increased, our knowledge of the Oscan-Umbrian group will be almost coincident with what we know of its two principal dialects. And in that approximate sense a grammar of Oscan and Umbrian is also a grammar of Oscan-Umbrian.