Any guess on the century?
Nope. The pile of books / scrolls is interesting, but there’s not much of an article here. :’)
“Any guess on the century?”
I would conjecture Roman, 1st or 2nd century AD. The Romans preferred marble statues to the typical Greek preference for bronze sculpture. (Note: many statues said to be “Greek” are Roman marble copies of the original bronze. The Romans would melt down the bronze for weapons.)
As to who vandalized the sculptures, it would most likely be Muslims. The East Roman Empire (which was actually Greek), still appreciated the classical works and lasted far into the next millenium. The Muslim Turks were not tolerant of classical Greek/Roman sculptures or any modeling the human body. It violated an Islamic principle: never depict the human form.