| Rune | UCS | Transliteration | IPA | Proto-Germanic name | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
ᚠ | f | /f/ | *fehu | "wealth, cattle" |
 |
ᚢ | u | /u(ː)/ | ?*ūruz | "aurochs" (or *ûram "water/slag"?) |
 |
ᚦ | þ | /θ/, /ð/ | ?*þurisaz | "the god Thor, giant" |
 |
ᚨ | a | /a(ː)/ | *ansuz | "one of the Æsir (gods)" |
 |
ᚱ | r | /r/ | *raidō | "ride, journey" |
 |
ᚲ | k | /k/ | ?*kaunan | "ulcer"? (or *kenaz "torch"?) |
 |
ᚷ | g | /ɡ/ | *gebō | "gift" |
 |
ᚹ | w | /w/ | *wunjō | "joy" |
  |
ᚺ ᚻ | h | /h/ | *hagalaz | "hail" (the precipitation) |
 |
ᚾ | n | /n/ | *naudiz | "need" |
 |
ᛁ | i | /i(ː)/ | *īsaz | "ice" |
 |
ᛃ | j | /j/ | *jēra- | "year, good year, harvest" |
 |
ᛇ | ï (or æ) | /æː/(?) | *ī(h)waz/*ei(h)waz | "yew-tree" |
 |
ᛈ | p | /p/ | ?*perþ- | meaning unclear, perhaps "pear-tree". |
 |
ᛉ | z | /z/ | ?*algiz | unclear, possibly "elk". |
  |
ᛊ | s | /s/ | *sōwilō | "Sun" |
 |
ᛏ | t | /t/ | *tīwaz/*teiwaz | "the god Tiwaz" |
 |
ᛒ | b | /b/ | *berkanan | "birch" |
 |
ᛖ | e | /e(ː)/ | *ehwaz | "horse" |
 |
ᛗ | m | /m/ | *mannaz | "Man" |
 |
ᛚ | l | /l/ | *laguz | "water, lake" (or possibly *laukaz "leek") |
   |
ᛜ ᛝ | ŋ | /ŋ/ | *ingwaz | "the god Ingwaz" |
 |
ᛟ | o | /o(ː)/ | *ōþila-/*ōþala- | "heritage, estate, possession" |
 |
ᛞ | d | /d/ | *dagaz | "day" |