Short and squatty . . . no ass and all body!
Posted on 01/01/2016 7:11:33 AM PST by afraidfortherepublic
This is not a philosophical riddle. Despite their highly variable appearance, dogs can recognize each other by sight alone.
Do you see dogs everywhere?
My ears perk up to the jingle jangle of metal-on-metal, hopeful that it predicts a dog and his collar, disappointed when it turns out to be keys on a belt (boring).
A person walking down the street with their arm outstretched holds the promise of a leash with a dog on the other end (sometimes it's a stroller holding a kid. Oh well).
From a distance, my eyes play a cruel trick on me, where shopping bags are dogs and dogs are shopping bags until I get close enough and one wins out (obviously I'm rooting for the dog).
But catch any part of a tail, and I know I'm in. You could say my motto is, "dog, until proven otherwise."
How about dogs?
Does a dog know, merely by sight, that an approaching being is a fellow dog? Before you answer, remember this: Canis familiaris is the least uniform species on the planet. Members of this species come in a wide range of body shapes and sizes from itty bitty teeny weeny to absolutely ginormos. Adult members of this species appear as tight little packages, huge weightlifters, lean ballerinas, elongated hotdogs and everything in between.
Does a Pug look at an Afghan Hound and say to themselves, "Hello, dog!" or does a Pug look at an Afghan Hound and say, "WHAT IN THE WORLD ARE YOU?" and only after olfactory investigation (smelling) does the Pug realize, "Oh my goodness. How silly of me. You're a dog. Sorry for the confusion my large, long-snouted compatriot."
A number of researchers have essentially wondered what Pugs think of Afghan Hounds. Are dogs able to identify other dogs solely by appearance, they wondered? If olfactory cues are taken out of the equation, would a dog still know another dog when he sees one?
A team of researchers based in France took on this question, publishing their findings in Animal Cognition in 2013. Nine companion dogs joined as study subjects. They all had basic training and extensive experience with both dogs and people, and notably, the participants weren't uniform in appearance -- two were purebred (Border collie and Labrador), and the rest were mutts. Below are the study subjects in all their photographic glory (while they are all my favorites because they are dogs, I vote Cusco winner of Best Eyeliner and Best Ears, while Babel, Cyane and Sweet tie for Most Photogenic). (See Comment)
The experimental setup was simple enough: the nine subjects saw two screens, one on the right and one on the left with a divider between. In each trial, two images would appear simultaneously on both screens, and dogs were reinforced with a click and rewarded with a treat for approaching the "correct" screen — more on that in a moment. Here's what the experimental layout looked like: (See Comment)
Then came the test. Dogs were presented with a wide variety of never-before-seen dog faces paired against never-before-seen non-dog faces. As before, dogs had to approach the dog image and avoid the non-dog image to get a treat. This was no longer an easy feat as the dog images now captured dogs’ vast morphologic diversity in shape, color, size, head shape, ear position, you name it. On top of that, the dog images were now pared against a wide range of non-dog faces including human faces as well as domestic and wild mammals like cats, sheep, gerbils, cows, rabbits, reptiles, and birds, among others. Images were presented head-on (full face) or as a profile. Below are examples of faces dogs saw in the study: (See Comment)
The dogs prevailed! The nine subjects successfully identified "dog" from “non-dog†faces. Some dogs, like Babel, Bag, Cyane and Vodka, were able to do so quite quickly, taking few sessions to approach the required 10-out-of-12 dog images. Other dogs, like Bahia and Cusco, were slower on the pickup and took more sessions to identify "dog" from "non-dog" (dog subjects needed anywhere from 2 to 13 sessions to meet criteria). This is not to say, of course, that Bahia and Cusco don't know a dog when they see one. The researchers highlight that a number of factors - like dog personality, learning styles and strategies, and motivation — can affect dog behavior and performance, particularly when it comes to this type of task.
Even so, the study suggests that despite their wackadoodle appearances, dogs can identify other dogs by sight alone. Dogs seem to have a sense of who (or at least which images) falls in the category of "dog" and who does not. Exactly which features dogs use when tuning into "dog," though, the current study can't say. They offer that as a natural next step in the research.
Autier-Dérian D, Deputte BL, Chalvet=Monfray K, Coulon M, Mounier L. 2013. Visual discrimination of species in dogs (Canis familiaris). Animal Cognition, 16, 637-651.
The views expressed are those of the author(s) and are not necessarily those of Scientific American.
Julie Hecht
Julie Hecht is a canine behavioral researcher, science writer, and PhD student at the Graduate Center, CUNY. She would really like to meet your dog.
My Great Pyre pup likes all other dogs but went absolutely bananas when he saw another Great Pyre.
Is it crackers to slip the rozzer, the dropsy in the snide?
Sweet looks like Joe Biden, and Vodka reminds me of Jeb Bush.
Short and squatty . . . no ass and all body!
Understanding recognition is a major goal of cognitive science. The use of dogs for this study is a great idea. Ideally, we want to understand how children learn how to recognize things such as patterns. However, children are not reliable test subjects. One application would be in computer recognition programs. Cognitive science has improved my teaching of mathematics, because it proved that some of my ideas about thinking and learning were wrong. This research has merit.
“A lot of guys have a dog to attract girls. But my dog is too smart, he uses me to get other dogs.” - Rodney Dangerfield
I believe children ARE reliable test subjects, but it does depend on what test it is and what purpose the test is administered
Math is a clinical concept and should be easy ... IF a child has a thought pattern imbued by " moral" parents that is not twisted by the time YOU get them
Things like common core thought patterns are designed to initiate reliance on another entity for anything advanced and individual .... how can a child be uncommon if he is common ?
What can a girl do in this life with no math skills (theoretical comprehension, etc) nor a moral core sense of values ?
I'm not supposed to open a Pennsylvania school board meeting with prayer because the state supreme court has deemed it unconstitutional to do so
I did it once and my phone lit up the next day with threats
I'm rather enjoying being an old codger Patriot
Do dogs know .....
Let’s just stop right there, there are many other definitions other than “to know”.
/8^)
Happy New Year
It's the story... about a dog named Babel...
-PJ
Most of the dogs are oblivious, but the little one is skeptical.
The highest compliment one can get from a dog.
:)
I suspect eye placement plays a large role.
Predator versus prey.
Eye position defines who’s who.
This was French research.
I know. I've also been amazed at how much U.S. money is given for foreign research.
A friend of mine owned an elderly dachshund and a Labrador. The Labrador took little notice of his pack member.
When the dachshund passed on, they adopted a Labrador puppy. The grown Labrador took complete notice of the new arrival.
Watching their interactions is fascinating.
Nothing puts our Aussie mix into a deep sleep faster than Leonard Cohen. He loves that guy!
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