Any vet will warn against roaming cats as they catch feline leukemia, wind up fighting over territory, kill birds and dirty children’s sand boxes.
It has been my experience, however, male owners of male cats who refuse to have them neutered, do so out of so-called compassion.
Such phony “compassion” wouldn’t hold true they also owned an unneutered (sp) female. Females can go into heat many times during a year, especially if she doesn’t get a litter of kittens, to keep her occupied elsewhere.
You can get your cat immunized for Feline Leukemia, mine are...and for rabies, etc. I’ve got barn cats, all neutered, all get flea meds, and they are all in excellent health- though one had a bad limp for a while from being surprised and tackled by a younger cat that was horsing around. Took the old girl to the vet and nothing was broken, she apparently pulled a muscle in her hind leg. It took a while to heal, so she got to stay in as long as she could stand it, which was about 2 weeks, then she darted back outside. Just a matter of keeping them up to date.