3) Because the state is imposing the permit fee on a statewide basis, the taxpayers have standing to challenge the act statewide.
(4) Under the Hancock amendment, a case is not ripe (sufficiently developed to allow a court to determine the facts, to resolve a presently existing conflict and to grant specific and conclusive relief) without specific proof of new or increased duties and increased expenses. These elements cannot be established by common sense or speculation and conjecture. Here, specific evidence as to the added duties and added expenses the concealed-carry act will impose was provided only with regard to four counties -- Camden, Cape Girardeau, Greene and Jackson. Accordingly, the Hancock challenge is ripe as to those four counties.