Generally speaking, the more fuel efficient the vehicle, the lighter it weighs and the less wear and tear it puts on roads. Big, heavy loads are hardest on the roadways. The big rigs pay more taxes now, but I doubt they pay enough to compensate for the wear and tear on the roads.
Location also makes a difference. Here in Ohio wear and tear on the roads is also a factor of weather, the winter time freeze-thaw that causes a lot of damage. Most of California does not have that problem, so vehicle weight is a primary factor. However, even the freeze-thaw damage that occurs is a function of vehicle weight.
Speed may also be a factor, but more to do with acceleration-deceleration speeds, and this also directly relates to weight.
European highways built to specifications similar to Germany's Autobahn are designed to last forever, no matter the weight of the vehicles running on them. The British use specs like this for their Motorways. We should have done so in this country 50 years ago when we started building Superhighways, when costs were much less. We would not have to be continually rebuilding them.
This whole idea is wrong for several reasons:
1. Big Brother encroachment - GPS devices should not be mandated by law for any reason. Liberty lost to Liberal Big Govt.
2. Economy of operation should not cost more. If higher taxes must be charged, do it by vehicle weight - a once a year fee. (Many states used to do this.) The sliding scale maybe needs to be an exponential curve, with the big vehicles falling into the exponential part of the curve. I believe one big rig weighing 80,000 lbs gross does a lot more damage than 20-4,000 lb cars - maybe as much as 80 or 100-4000 lb cars.
They do last a lot longer, but they still need lots of maintenance where they completely re-do entire sections. This is paid for in part by a 200+ percent gas tax that goes up almost every year, plus a car tax. The average fuel efficiency over there is so good that even that much tax doesn't cover the cost of road maintenance. However, politically, that's not a tax for road maintenance, but an environmental tax -- at least that's what they say every time they raise it.
A 80,000lb big rig does does a lot more damage than (20) 4000lb SUV's. In fact, if there were no big rigs and no cars with studded tires, there would be no damage done to the roads at all, except by the elements.
You could throw billions of stones at the WTC, and it would never come down. Crash a plane into it, and it comes down. You could use a ladder rated for 250lbs probably for nearl a lifetime if you weigh under 250lbs. Have a 350lb guy try and use it and it breaks instantly.
GPS, is already mandated for Cell Phones. Mine has the ability to turn that off, but I am not sure that it actually does. Turning off your phone does not help, you must remove the battery, else it broadcasts it's position at regular intervals.