I think you have cause and effect reversed. Inflation doesn't manifest itself in increased money supply, increased money supply manifests itself in inflation.
You can also see a decrease in purchasing power arise from a devaluation of the currency that is driven by political instability, or competitive pressure.
Devaluation of currency means an increased supply is needed to buy the same items.
Prices may also rise on supply issues; where the cost of production, or scarcity of a key component (such as refined oil), results in a broad ranged cost increase which constricts supply and boost prices.
If output is reduced and money supply remains constant, the extra money supply is manifested in inflation.