Posted on 12/24/2005 3:09:08 AM PST by mainepatsfan
This Day In History | General Interest
WAR OF 1812 ENDS: December 24, 1814
The Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America is signed by British and American representatives at Ghent, Belgium, ending the War of 1812. By terms of the treaty, all conquered territory was to be returned, and commissions were planned to settle the boundary of the United States and Canada.
In June 1812, the United States declared war against Great Britain in reaction to three issues: the British economic blockade of France, the induction of thousands of neutral American seamen into the British Royal Navy against their will, and the British support of hostile Indian tribes along the Great Lakes frontier. A faction of Congress, made up mostly of western and southern congressmen, had been advocating the declaration of war for several years. These "War Hawks," as they were known, hoped that war with Britain, which was preoccupied with its struggle against Napoleonic France, would result in U.S. territorial gains in Canada and British-protected Florida.
In the months following the U.S. declaration of war, American forces launched a three-point invasion of Canada, all of which were repulsed. At sea, however, the United States was more successful, and the USS Constitution and other American frigates won a series of victories over British warships. In 1813, American forces won several key victories in the Great Lakes region, but Britain regained control of the sea and blockaded the eastern seaboard.
In 1814, with the downfall of Napoleon, the British were able to allocate more military resources to the American war, and Washington, D.C., fell to the British in August. In Washington, British troops burned the White House, the Capitol, and other buildings in retaliation for the earlier burning of government buildings in Canada by U.S. soldiers. The British soon retreated, however, and Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor withstood a massive British bombardment and inspired Francis Scott Key to pen the "Star-Spangled Banner."
On September 11, 1814, the tide of the war turned when Thomas Macdonough's American naval force won a decisive victory at the Battle of Plattsburg Bay on Lake Champlain. A large British army under Sir George Prevost was thus forced to abandon its invasion of the U.S. northeast and retreat to Canada. The American victory on Lake Champlain led to the conclusion of U.S.-British peace negotiations in Belgium, and on December 24, 1814, the Treaty of Ghent was signed, ending the war. Although the treaty said nothing about two of the key issues that started the war--the rights of neutral U.S. vessels and the impressment of U.S. sailors--it did open up the Great Lakes region to American expansion and was hailed as a diplomatic victory in the United States.
News of the treaty took almost two months to cross the Atlantic, and British forces were not informed of the end of hostilities in time to end their drive against the mouth of the Mississippi River. On January 8, 1815, a large British army attacked New Orleans and was decimated by an inferior American force under General Andrew Jackson in the most spectacular U.S. victory of the war. The American public heard of the Battle of New Orleans and the Treaty of Ghent at approximately the same time, fostering a greater sentiment of self-confidence and shared identity throughout the young republic.
1. The war started in 1812
2. Only 1,812 Americans know anything about this war!
Great post, thanks!
What about the battle of New Orleans? Weren't the British repelled there in that war?
The bottom line here is that we kicked limey butt twice, and if they need for us to make it a hat trick, they know where we are!
Finally!...Breaking news on the war of 1812! I was wondering why we weren't getting regular updates.
Fantastic post.
Q1: How do you get a big ship onto Lake Champlain? I have followed the Mapquest map from Plattsburg south and north and can't find a connecting river.
By the way, how is the Peloponnesian War going? We haven't heard a peep out of Thucydides in weeks. It's so hard on the families when mail from the front lines is so sporadic.
Actually, the British were repelled there after that war. As with many early wars, news of the finish didn't catch up to the commanders in time to prevent some actions. Of course, I think that even if Jackson had known the war was over, he'd have still fought the battle.
It must be going well. It it was going badly then the mainstream media would be telling us about what a quagmire it is.
Unless you are being sarcastic about the post concerning when the 1812 War took place, the last paragraph in the article addresses your question and, even if you are being sarcastic, it still addresses it.
A1: You build it there.
The British lack of knowledge about the geography of the area was an advantage. Since they didn't know that the lake was landlocked, they were able to simply sail the vessel to the lake.
Come to think of it, we haven't heard from General Custer since early June. His last letter indicated morale was high within the Seventh Cavalry and he was confident of a swift and decisive victory against the hostiles.
A blockbuster article is coming out next week in Newsweak about how the Greeks can't get enough up-armored Hoplites to fight the war effectively. And it appears that cronies of Dick Cheney influenced the contracts for the production of a new, more powerful spear.
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