Lab Heats Particles Past Star's Interior (Z machine hits 2 billion degrees Kelvin)

AP on Yahoo ^ | 3/9/06 | Sue Major Holmes - ap

[NormsRevenge]

ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. - A particle accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories has heated a swarm of charged particles to a record 2 billion degrees Kelvin, a temperature beyond that of a star's interior.

Scientists working with Sandia's Z machine said the feat also revealed a new phenomenon that could eventually make future nuclear fusion power plants smaller and cheaper to operate than if the plants relied on previously known physics.

"At first, we were disbelieving," said Chris Deeney, head of the project. "We repeated the experiment many times to make sure we had a true result and not an 'Oops'!"

Sandia's experiment, which held up in tests and computer modeling in the 14 months since it was first done, was outlined in the Feb. 24 edition of Physical Review Letters. The authors also presented a theoretical explanation of what happened by Sandia consultant Malcolm Haines, a physicist at Imperial College in London.

The achievement will not mean fusion in the near future, but it's another step toward that goal, said Neal Singer, a Sandia spokesman.

Sandia's Z machine, housed in a warehouse-sized laboratory, is designed to generate tremendous amounts of energy. It normally passes 20 million amps of electrical current through a cluster of tungsten wires about the size of a spool of thread. The massive electrical pulse instantly vaporizes the wires into a cloud of charged, superhot particles known as plasma.

At the same time, the Z machine compresses the plasma in a powerful magnetic field. Almost instantly, the particles smash together in a collision that can emit temperatures in the millions of degrees.

Sandia boosted the Z machine's output into the billions of degrees in part by substituting steel wires around a larger, coffee cup-sized core. Increasing the size of the core increased the distance the ions traveled, giving them more time to gain velocity and therefore energy.

But the larger core did not account for all the heat generated in the collision. It also could not explain why the plasma particles did not stop moving once they collided with one another — for about 10 billionths of a second, some unknown energy caused them to keep pushing back against the magnetic field.

Haines theorized that the energy of the Z machine's magnetic field itself added energy to the particles.

The new phenomenon could be exploited in fusion power as a trigger that would set off a controlled nuclear reaction by heating a small amount of deuterium or tritium. It is likely to be more efficient than other proposed methods because it produces higher temperatures while requiring less input energy.

___

On the Net:

Sandia National Laboratories: http://www.sandia.gov

[NormsRevenge]

Sandia National Laboratories Z-machine, a particle beam accelerator, is shown at the laboratory in Albuquerque in an undated time-lapse photo. The particle accelerator has created an ionized gas that reached more than 2 billion degrees Kelvin, hotter than the interior of stars and hotter than any other known temperature on Earth. Scientists said the discovery could lead to smaller, less expensive nuclear fusion plants_ if they can understand what happened and harness that energy. Sandia's experiment was outlined in the Feb. 24, 2006, Physical Review Letters. (AP Photo/Sandia National Laboratories, Randy Montoya)

[Echo Talon]

AWESOME!

[Ursus arctos horribilis]

Holy Shiite!!

[Flavius]

cool what can we shoot with it

[NormsRevenge]

not a darn thing... yet,, or likely anytime soon. They do some pretty interesting experiments at Sandia. Ya never know.

[fieldmarshaldj]

Wow, that's enough to melt the hair off your balls.

[DrDavid]

more than 2 billion degrees Kelvin, hotter than the interior of stars and hotter than any other known temperature on Earth.

Illustrating the subtle art of understatement.

[ChadGore]

2 billion degrees.

That's hot

[FierceDraka]

I love it when an unexplained phenomenon occurs during an experiment.

Massive amounts of energy from an unknown source? Excellent.

The energy levels of this experiment suggest that the Z-Machine may be tapping into something else - as in something outside the known Universe.

I wonder what would happen if they were to replace the steel threads with heavier elements. Gold, perhaps. Maybe lead.

But I'd use extreme caution - hate to see them inadvertantly unleash a supernova on the Earth's surface. That would be... unpleasant.

[txroadkill]

"We repeated the experiment many times to make sure we had a true result and not an 'Oops'!"

Does a statement like that from someone who is playing with nuclear fusion bother anybody else?

 

OOPS!!!

[vpintheak]

That's whore.

[Always Learning]

Trying not to be too stupid, but how do they measure such heat? (And how do they put it out?)

[FierceDraka]

The Ori are not impressed.

"Hallowed are the Ori."

[exhaustedmomma]

inadvertantly unleash a supernova on the Earth's surface

gulp!!!

[FierceDraka]

Indeed.

[Always Learning]

It was REALLY HOT in 1,000,000 BC!!

[timer]

Controlled thermonuclear fusion has been US taxpayer funded for 50+ years, it has always been touted as the infinite energy source of the future, and it always WILL be touted as the infinite energy source of the future. It has NEVER produced a single watt of over-unity energy because it will NEVER get past the Lawrence(break even)Coefficient. Doing the same stupid thing over and over again, and expecting a different result? That only works in the loony tune congressional budget process where P.T. Barnum runs the show : "My BOY, there's a SUCKER born every minute".

[NormsRevenge]

Ve haf vays of measuring da tempature you vould not believ. Let me show you the thermoprobe I am most proud of.

---

That's not me in the pic, btw. It's a scientific kind of fella from a cool archive page at a Finnish site with a bunch of interesting pics and charts (interesting if you're into science and such, that is).

[NormsRevenge]

http://ltl.tkk.fi/archive/index.html

[JRios1968]

Can we put one of those on a freakin' shark?

[Nathan Zachary]

"The energy levels of this experiment suggest that the Z-Machine may be tapping into something else - as in something outside the known Universe."

Q's razor cord

[Never2baCrat]

Just how big was the damn thermometer!

[Nathan Zachary]

""We repeated the experiment many times to make sure we had a true result and not an 'Oops'!"

Does a statement like that from someone who is playing with nuclear fusion bother anybody else?

Yes it does indeed. 'Ooops-ing' and burning up our entire atmosphere wouldn't be nice. I think this person needs to step away from the equipment.

[Nathan Zachary]

It has NEVER produced a single watt of over-unity energy because it will NEVER get past the Lawrence(break even)Coefficient. Doing the same stupid thing over and over again, and expecting a different result? That only works in the loony tune congressional budget process where P.T. Barnum runs the show : "My BOY, there's a SUCKER born every minute".

No, but turning something into an efficient but clean (and cheap) fuel IS worthwhile, and the objective of these kinds of experiments. So far, nothing is as efficient and cheap as a gallon of gas.

Let's HOPE and PRAY that these experiments never get past the Lawrence coefficient. That's when biblical things happen. "A fire precedes him as he goes, devouring all enemies around him; his lightning lights up the world, earth observes and quakes. The mountains melt like wax at the coming of the Master of the world."
(Ps.97:3-5). "The wide ramparts of Babylon will be razed to the ground, and her high gates will be burnt down. Thus the laboring of the peoples comes to nothing. The toiling of the nations ends in fire." (Jer.51:58).
You will make them like a blazing furnace on the day that you appear." (Ps.21:9).

Maybe that will be the day they "figure out" what that oops was. :o)

[Recovering_Democrat]

What is 2,000,000,000 K translate into Fahrenheit?

[Recovering_Democrat]

Wow, that's enough to melt the hair off your balls.

Not my balls.

[Zeroisanumber]

Beautiful.

[libertylover]

Wow, that's enough to melt the hair off your balls.

Yes, but not nearly enough to melt Hillary's cold, cold heart.

[conservativewasp]

Multiply by 1.8, then add 32 degrees and you will have you answer.

[conservativewasp]

My bad, you also have to subtract 273.

[Constantine XIII]

Things like the conductiviy of the gas and the wavelength of radiation it emits. :P

[Constantine XIII]

No worries, it's a pretty diffuse gas. :P

[Paul_Denton]

cool what can we shoot with it

Well it is still experimental but we can drop DU trolls into the firing chamber and heat them up to 2 billion degrees.

[Paul_Denton]

Here is 2 billion degrees. Denise Richards

[Paul_Denton]

3,600,000,032 F

[Netheron]

Not at a mere 2 billion K it isn't. We've already seen energies much higher than that in colliders.

This is interesting, because it is a large collection of particles getting to 2 billion K at once.

[Netheron]

1) You look at the wavelengths of the light coming out. You can tell the temperature of the electric coils in your oven the same way. When you see them glowing red, they're hot.

2) Same way you turn off the gas burners on your stove. Stop putting fuel in the flame, and it goes out.

[Netheron]

No, Princeton has broken the break-even point. It's just not now 'economically' feasible.

[LIConFem]

"That would be... unpleasant."

Yeah, but only for an instant or two...

[Lx]

Is that Bill O'Reilley's brother?

[techcor]

It's not the heat. It's the humidity.

[relictele]

Piffle. Our 1981 Panasonic 950 watt microwave oven could do 1 Billion Kelvin on a bad day.

[operation clinton cleanup]

That's hot

Oh man... I am going to be laughing at that all day!

[timer]

I think you are confusing the H Bomb with controlled thermonuclear fusion. You see, when fission occurs(the breakdown of a U235 or Pu242 nucleus into daughter nuclei) you get about .7% of the total available energy from E=mc^2. With fusion, H2 + H3 at some 5 million degrees F, you get about 4% of the E=mc^2. H2(deuterium)is relatively easy to obtain from seawater and H3(tritium)is a fairly common byproduct of nuclear reactors. The PROBLEM is that H3 is mildly radioactive, decaying into He3, via beta decay, in a 12.5 year half life. Thus if you can get the H2 + H3 HOT enough, LONG enough you get that 4% mass to energy conversion(the Lawrence Coefficient). A common H bomb design is an ellipsoidal chamber with a U235 bomb at one focus and the H2/H3 ball at the other focus. Intense X rays reflecting/focussing off the silvered walls does the compression/heating in microseconds to cause the fusion and the up to 250 megaton explosion....In controlled fusion you try to do much smaller compression/heating by, say, the NOVA lasar system of imploding pellets of frozen Du with gold shells, Friedwardt Winterberg's idea...Didn't work, but it cost a HELLAVA lot of money anyway. Same story throughout the CTNF field, vast monies spent, no results; typical government program...