Posted on 08/22/2007 12:00:43 PM PDT by Kevmo
He’s smarter than me, I can tell. But he does appear to be a bit of a cracked pot, like other people I’ve met who were extraordinarily brilliant. The polite term is eccentric, but it’s just what you call weird people who have lots of money or authority or notoriety.
For future reference
http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/research/1281736.html
Taming Gravity
Photo by Philip Gentry
Published in the October 1999 issue.
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BY JIM WILSON
Photo by Philip Gentry
Ever since electricity was tamed in the 19th century, the idea of manipulating gravity by altering an electromagnetic field has been the subject of intriguing experiments and occasional bursts of irrational exuberance. Physicists insist that because gravity is a basic force of nature, constructing an antigravity machine is theoretically impossible. But recently, and not without some reluctance, they have begun to consider another possibility. Several highly respected physicists say it might be possible to construct a force-field machine that acts on all matter in a way that is similar to gravity. Strictly speaking, it wouldn’t be an antigravity machine. But by exerting an attractive or repulsive force on all matter, it would be the functional equivalent of the impossible machine.
While an operational device is at least five years in the future, developers of what can be loosely termed a force-field machine say it has cleared major theoretical hurdles. To demonstrate their claim, they invited POPULAR MECHANICS to visit their Huntsville, Ala., laboratory to see the most important component of their proof-of-concept demonstrator. It is a 12-in.-dia. high-temperature superconducting disc (HTSD). When the force-field machine is complete, a bowling ball placed anywhere above this disc, which resembles a clutch plate, will stay exactly where you left it.
Everyone knows that gravity is the glue that keeps our feet on the ground and the planets on their orbits. It operates on every single molecule and atom in our bodies. Physicists define gravity as the attractive force between two masses. They also say it is the weakest and most pervasive of the four basic forces of nature. The others are the strong force and weak force that operate within the atomic nucleus and the electromagnetic force that explains everything from refrigerator magnets to light bulbs, telecommunications to chemistry.
Machines that use electromagnetism to defy gravity have a checkered history. In 1911, Edward S. Farrow, a New York engineer, staged public demonstrations of a weight-reducing device he called a condensing dynamo. In all likelihood it was no more than an electromagnet, a small version of the behemoths that lift wrecks into junkyard crushers. Earlier this year, BAE Systems, a major British aerospace company, announced that it had taken up the gravity quest with an initiative called Project Greenglow. The mainstream physics community immediately dropped a load of wet blankets on the defense contractor, claiming it was wasting money on a bad idea.
The Einstein Connection
Prospects for the Alabama HTSD are attracting serious attention because this particular disc was fabricated by Ning Li, one of the world’s leading scientists. In the 1980s, Li predicted that if a time-varying magnetic field were applied to superconductor ions trapped in a lattice structure, the ions would absorb enormous amounts of energy. Confined in the lattice, the ions would begin to rapidly spin, causing each to create a minuscule gravitational field.
To understand how an HTSD is critical to the construction of a force-field machine, it’s useful to know something about an unusual state of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate. In our day-to-day lives we encounter three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. In the laboratory it is possible to create another state of matter in which all the atoms are aligned in a way that makes them behave as if they were one single atom. This novel state of matter is named after Albert Einstein and Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose who predicted its existence decades ago.
In an HTSD, the tiny gravitational effect of each individual atom is multiplied by the billions of atoms in the disc. Using about one kilowatt of electricity, Li says, her device could potentially produce a force field that would effectively neutralize gravity above a 1-ft.-dia. region extending from the surface of the planet to outer space.
AC Gravity
“The first thing to understand about Li’s device is that it is neither an antigravity machine nor a gravitational shield,” says Jonathan Campbell, a scientist at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center who has worked with Li. “It does not modify gravity, rather it produces a gravity-like field that may be either attractive or repulsive.” Li describes her device as a method of generating a never-before-seen force field that acts on matter in a way that is similar to gravity. Since it may be either repulsive or attractive she calls it “AC gravity.” “It adds to, or counteracts, or re-directs gravity,” explains Larry Smalley, the former chairman of the University of Alabama at Huntsville (UAH) physics department. “Basically, you are adding a couple of vectors to zero it [gravity] out or enhance it.”
Although he didn’t call it AC gravity, Einstein’s theory of relativity predicts this effect. All objects produce gravito-magnetic energy, the amount of force proportional to its mass and acceleration. Li says that the main reason this energy has never been detected is that the Earth spins very slowly and the field’s strength decreases rapidly as you move away from the center of the planet. The first measurements are expected to be made by NASA’s Gravity Probe B experiment, which is planned for launch in 2002.
Beginning with the most basic law of physics—force = mass x acceleration—Li reasoned that it would be possible to perform the same experiment here on Earth, using ions locked in a lattice structure inside a superconductor. When an ion rotates around a magnetic field, the mass goes along for the ride. This, according to Einstein, should produce a gravito-magnetic field.
Unlike the planet, ions have a minuscule mass. But also unlike the Earth, they spin their little hearts out, rotating more than a quadrillion times a second, compared with the planet’s once-a-day rotation. Li calculates this movement will compensate for the small mass of the ions.
Li explains that as the ions spin they also create a gravito-electric field perpendicular to their spin axis. In nature, this field is unobserved because the ions are randomly arranged, thus causing their tiny gravito-electric fields to cancel out one another. In a Bose-Einstein condensate, where all ions behave as one, something very different occurs.
Li says that if the ions in an HTSD are aligned by a magnetic field, the gravito-electric fields they create should also align. Build a large enough disc and the cumulative field should be measurable. Build a larger disc and the force field above it should be controllable. “It’s a gravity-like force you can point in any direction,” says Campbell. “It could be used in space to protect the international space station against impacts by small meteoroids and orbital debris.”
Concept To Machine
Although Li’s theory has passed through the scientific quality-control process called peer review and an HTSD has been constructed, important technical unknowns remain. This summer, Li left UAH. She and several colleagues are striking out on their own to commercialize devices based on her theory and a proprietary HTSD fabrication technique.
Li’s next step is to raise the several million dollars needed to build the induction motor that individually spins the ions in the HTSD. “It will take at least two years to simulate the machine on a computer,” says Smalley, who plans to join Li’s as-yet-unnamed company after he retires from UAH. “We want to avoid the situation that occurred in fusion where extremely expensive reactors were built, turned on, and didn’t work as intended because of unforeseen plasma instabilities.” Li says she has turned down several offers for financial backing. It is less about money than control. “Investors want control over the technology,” she says. “This is too important. It should belong to all the American people.”
At least two companies investigating Gravitics as far as I can tell.
One is Dr. Ling Ni’s company
She received a SBIR in 2002 for almost half a mil and started AC Gravity, LLC:
http://www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/Docs/FY01RPT.doc
(See doc p.67, MS Word p. 68)
An excerpt:
Technical objective of this effort including the technology areas in which the project was conducted:
Approximately 10 years ago Dr. Ning Li, then a research physicist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, began working on a theoretical model of forces generated by type-II superconductors and the possibility of generating and controlling significant gravitational forces via this new theory. The basic idea of Dr Li’s is that a superconducting disk will produce a significant gravitational field if a certain type of magnetic field is externally applied. This Other Transaction will represent the first attempt to experimentally confirm some of the theoretical predictions of this theory. It is hoped that providing experimental confirmation of the theory to the scientific community will validate the theory and allow the securing of further funding to develop a practical application of this technology.
Awarded by (drumroll please)
US Army Aviation and Missile Command
GRAVEWAVE LLC MISSION STATEMENT
GravWave® LLC is a Company dedicated to the research, development, and manufacture of products involving the generation, detection, and application of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves or “HFGWs,” utilizing patented, proprietary technology. Founded in 2000, it is the first company to pioneer efforts to create important practical, commercial and military high-technology applications for HFGWs. Such applications include, but are not be limited to, communication, propulsion, remote force generation, imaging, energy generation, radioactive-waste-free nuclear-energy generation, astronomy, and applied physics. The Corporation’s mission is accomplished through rigorous research and experiments reported in peer-reviewed scientific journals. These efforts lead to the development, manufacture, production, and sale of nano-, micro-, and macro-scale HFGW devices and equipments many of which are utilized to improve the quality of life. Current and future patents are obtained in order to protect the Corporation’s intellectual property rights. Royalties, through diverse royalty agreements, provide a recurring stream of income. Cooperative strategic alliances and joint ventures are established contractually with research institutions and enabling organizations both in the United States and internationally. The Corporation can be reached at gravwave@ca.rr.com.
Excellent reference, recently updated, found at
http://www.gravwave.com/docs/HFGW%20References.pdf
HIGH-FREQUENCY GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Last modification August 9, 2007
Gravitational Waves Basic References
Jules Henri Poincaré (1905), C.R. Ac. Sci. Paris, 140, 1504 and also appears in Oeuvres, Volume 9, p. 489,
Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1954. (First mention of Gravitational Waves)
Albert Einstein (1915), “Zür allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie,” Sitzungsberichte, Preussische Akademie der
Wisserschaften, pp. 778-786, November 11. (General Relativity)
Albert Einstein (1916), “Näherungsweise Integration der Feldgleichungen der Gravitation,”
Sitzungsberichte, Preussische Akademie der Wisserschaften, pp. 688-696. (Gravitational Waves)
Albert Einstein (1918), Sitzungsberichte, Preussische Akademie der Wisserschaften, p.154. (Quadrupole
equation and formalism)
Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen (1937), “On Gravitational Waves,” Journal of the Franklin Institute 223,
43-54.
Joseph Weber (1960), “Detection and generation of gravitational waves,” Physics Review, Volume 117,
Number 1, pp.306-313.
Joseph Weber (1964), “Gravitational Waves” in Gravitation and Relativity, Chapter 5, pp. 90-105, W. A.
Benjamin, Inc., New York.
Charles W. Misner, Kip Thorne, and John Archibald Wheeler (1973), Gravitation, W. H. Freeman and
Company, New York.
L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz (1975), The Classical Theory of Fields, Fourth Revised English Edition,
Pergamon Press, pp. 348, 349, 355-357.
S. W. Hawking and W. Israel, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1979, p.98 (GW frequency bands and HFGWs defined as greater than 100 kHz)
V. B. Braginsky and Valentin N. Rudenko and (1978), “Gravitational waves and the detection of
gravitational radiation,” Physics Report (Review section of Physics Letters), 46, Number 5, p.
165-200.
K. S. Thorne, “Gravitational Radiation,” Chapter 9 of 300 Years of Gravitation, Cambridge Press, 1987.
J. B. Griffiths (1991) Colliding Plane Waves in General Relativity, Oxford Mathematical Monographs,
Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2002), “High-Frequency Gravitational Waves,” Max Planck Institute for
Astrophysics (MPA) Lecture, May 9, Revised May 15, 2002. Please visit Internet site:
http://www.drrobertbaker.com/docs/European%20Lecture%202002%20Revised.pdf.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2003), “What Poincaré and Einstein have wrought: a modern, practical application
of the general theory of relativity (The story of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves)”, paper
HFGW-03-101, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2006), “Novel formulation of the quadrupole equation for potential stellar
gravitational-wave power estimation,” Astronomische Nachrichten. 327.
1
For the Layperson
Abraham Pais (1982), Subtle is the Lord … The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein, Oxford University
Press, New York.
Harry Collins (2004), Gravity’s Shadow, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Robert M L Baker, Jr., A Prospective on High-Frequency Gravitational Waves, May 25, 2007.
http://www.gravwave.com/docs/A%20Prospective%20on%20HFGW.pdf.
Daniel Kennefick (2007), Traveling at the Speed of Thought: Einstein and the Quest for Gravitational
Waves, Princeton University Press.
Interaction of Electromagnetic and Gravitational Waves (HFGW: 100kHz – GHz)
M. E. Gertsenshtein (1962), “Wave resonance of light and gravitational waves,” Soviet Physics JETP,
Volume 14, Number 1, pp. 84-85.
J. Weber and G. Hinds (1962), “Interaction of Photons and Gravitons,” Phys. Rev., Volume 128, pp. 2414-
2421.
G. A. Lupanov (1967), “A capacitor in the field of a gravitational wave,” JETP 25, 1, p. 76.
Richard A. Issacson (1968), “Gravitational Radiation in the Limit of High Frequency,” Phys. Review 166,
1263-1272.
U.Kh. Kopvillem and V.R.Nagibarov (1969), JETP Lett. v.2, (n12), 329.
D. Boccaletti (1970), “Conversion of photons into gravitons and vice versa in a static electromagnetic
field,” Il Nuovo Cimento, 70 B n., p. 129.
L. P. Grishchuk and M.V. Sazhin (1974), “Emission of Gravitational Waves by an Electromagnetic Cavity,
“ Sov. Phy.JETP 38, No. 2, pp. 215-221.
U. H., Gerlach (1974), Physics Review Letters 32, Number 18, p. 1023.
Y. B. Zel’dovich, (1974),”Electromagnetic and gravitational waves in a stationary magnetic field,” Soviet
Physics JETP 38, p. 652 .
Tatsuo Tokuoka (1975), “Interaction of Electromagnetic and Gravitational Waves in the Weak and Short
Wave Limit”, Progress of Theoretical Physics, Volume 54,Number 5, November, pp. 1309-1317.
A. A. Sokolov and D.V.Galtsov (1976), Sov.Gr-VI Conf, abst. V.1 ,p4 ,Minsk .
W. K. De Logi and A. R. Mickelson (1977), “Electrogravitational conversion cross sections in static
electromagnetic fields,” Phys. Rev. D, Volume 16, pp. 2915-2927.
J. B. Griffiths (1983), “Colliding plane gravitational and electromagnetic waves,” Journal Physics A: Math.
Gen., Volume 16, pp. 1175-1180.
A. Michael Cruise (1983), “An Interaction between gravitational and electromagnetic waves”, Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 204, pp. 485-482.
2
P. G. Macedo and A. H. Nelson (1983), Physics Review D 82, p. 2382.
P. Chen (1994), “Resonant Photon-Graviton Conversion in EM Fields: From Earth to Heaven,” SLAC-
PUB-6666, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA.
G. Brodin and M. Marklund, (1999) Physics Review Letters 82, p. 3012.
Fang-Yu Li, Meng-Xi Tang, Jun Luo, and Yi-Chuan Li (2000), “Electrodynamical response of a high-
energy photon flux to a gravitational wave,” Physical Review D, Volume 62, July 21, pp. 044018-
1 to 044018 -9.
J. Moortgat, G’t Hooft, and J. Kuijpers (2001), “Watching gravitational waves,”
arXiv:gr-qc/0104006 2 April.
D. Papadopoulos, N. Stergioulas, L. Vlahos and J. Kuijpers (2001), “Fast Magnetosonic Waves Driven by
Gravitational Waves,” Astronomy & Astrophysics 377, pp. 701-706.
H. David Froning, Jr. and Terence W. Barrett (2003), “Investigation of specially conditioned
electromagnetic fields for High-Frequency Gravitational Wave generation,” paper HFGW-03-122,
Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
J. Moortgat and J. Kuijpers (2003), “Gravitational and Magnetosonic Waves in Gamma-ray Bursts,”
Astronomy & Astrophysics, p. 3292.
Fang-Yu Li, Meng-Xi Tang, and Dong-Ping Shi (2003), “Electromagnetic response for High-Frequency
Gravitational Waves in the GHz to THz band,” paper HFGW-03-108, Gravitational-Wave
Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Fang-Yu Li and Nan Yang (2004), “Resonant interaction between a weak gravitational wave and a
microwave beam in the double polarized states through a static magnetic field,” China Physics
Letters 21, No. 11, p. 2113.
Terrestrial or Laboratory Generation of HFGW (100 kHz – PHz) – Chronological Order
R. L. Forward and R. M. L. Baker, Jr. (1961), “Gravitational Gradients, Gravitational Waves and the
‘Weber Bar’,” Lecture given at the Lockheed Astrodynamics Research Center, 650 N. Sepulveda,
Bel Air , California, USA, November 16th. (Forward coined the term “High-Frequency
Gravitational Waves.”)
M. E. Gertsenshtein (1962), “Wave resonance of light and gravitational waves,” Soviet Physics JETP,
Volume 14, Number 1, pp. 84-85.
L. Halpren and B. Laurent (1964), “On the gravitational radiation of a microscopic system,” IL NUOVO
CIMENTO, Volume XXXIIIR, Number 3, pp. 728- 751.
Robert L. Forward and L. R. Miller (1966), “Generation and detection of dynamic gravitational-gradient
fields,” Hughes Research Laboratories Report dated August 5, pp.512-518 and Journ. of Appl.
Phys. 38, 5489-5495 (1967).
L. Halpren and B. Jouvet (1968), “On stimulated photon-graviton conversion by an electromagnetic field,”
Annale H. Poincaré, Volume VII, NA1, pp. 25ff.
3
Joseph Weber (1969), “Electromagnetic Coupled Detection of Dynamic Gravitational Force Gradients,”
United States Patent 3,722,288, filed January 31.
L. P. Grishchuk and M. V. Sazhin (1974), “Emission of gravitational waves by an electromagnetic cavity.”
Soviet Physics JETP, Volume 38, Number 2, pp. 215-221.
G. F. Chapline, J. Nuckolls, and L. L. Woods (1974), “Gravitational-radiation production using nuclear
explosions,” Physical Review D., volume 10, Number 4, August, pp. 1064-1065.
V. A. Belokon (1975), “Compression of a perfect gas by multiply reflected shock waves,” Dokl. Akad.
Nauk SSSR 222, N3; JETP, Pisma N18.pp. 343-345. (HFGW results concluded by Braginsky and
Rudenko.)
A. A. Sokolov and D. V. Galtsov (1976) Grats. Sov. Gr- IV Conference, Volume 1, Minsk, p. 4.
V. B. Braginsky and Valentin N. Rudenko (1978), “Gravitational waves and the detection of gravitational
radiation,” Section 7: “Generation of gravitational waves in the laboratory,” Physics Report
(Review section of Physics Letters), Volume 46, Number 5, p. 165-200.
F. Romero B and H. Dehnen (1981), “Generation of gravitational radiation in the laboratory,” Z.
Naturforsch, Volume 36a, pp. 948-955.
L. H. Ford (1982), “Gravitational Radiation by Quantum Systems,” Annals of Physics, 144, pp. 238-248.
I. M. Pinto and G. Rotoli (1988), “Laboratory generation of gravitational waves?” Proceedings of the 8th
Italian Conference on General Relativity and Gravitational Physics, Cavlese (Trento), August 30
to September 3, World Scientific-Singapore, pp. 560-573.
John D. Kraus (1991), “Will gravity-wave communication be possible?” IEEE Antennas & Propagation
Magazine, Volume 33, Number 4, August.
Pia Astone, et al (1991), “Evaluation and preliminary measurement of the interaction of dynamical
gravitational near field with a cryogenic gravitational-wave antenna,” Zeischrift fuer Physik,
Volume 50, pp. 21-29.
S. F. Novaes.and D. Spehler (1993)., “Gravitational laser backscattering,” Phys. Rev. D, Volume. 47, pp.
2432-2434.
John Argyris and Corneliu Ciubotariu (1997) “A proposal of new gravitational experiments.” Modern
Physics Letters, Volume 12, Number 40, pp. 3105-3119.
Giorgio Fontana (1998), “A possibility of emission of high frequency gravitational radiation from junctions
between d-wave and s-wave superconductors,” Preprint, Faculty of Science, University of Trento,
38050 Povo (TN), Italy, pp. 1-8. http://xxx.lanl.gov/html/cond-mat/9812070.
E.G.Bessonov (1998), “Grasers Based on Particle Accelerators and on lasers,”
arXiv:physics/9802037v2[physics.class-ph]
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. and Frederick W. Noble (1999), “Peak Power Energy Storage Device and
Gravitational Wave Generator,” United States Patent 6,160,336, filed November 19.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2000), “Gravitational Wave Generator,” United States Patent Number 6,417,597,
filed July 14.
4
Giorgio Fontana (2000), “Gravitational Radiation and its Application to Space Travel,” paper CP 504,
Space Technology and Applications International Forum , Jan 30 - Feb 3, 2000, edited by M. S.
El Genk, American Institute of Physics. Internet reprint:
http://www.arxiv.org/abs/physics/0110042
Baker, R. M. L. Jr., “Preliminary Tests of Fundamental Concepts Associated with Gravitational-Wave
Spacecraft Propulsion,” in proceedings of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics:
Space 2000 Conference and Exposition, edited by J. Albaugh, Long Beach, California, Paper
Number 2000-5250, 2000.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr (2000), “Gravitational Wave Generator Utilizing Submicroscopic Energizable
Elements,” United States Patent Number 6,784,591, 100 claims, filed December 27.
M. Portilla and R. Lapiedra (2001), “Generation of High Frequency Gravitational Waves,” Physical Review
D, Volume 63, pp. 044014-1 to 044014-7.
Raymond Y. Chiao (2002), “Superconductors as transducers and antennas for gravitational and
electromagnetic radiation,” arXiv:gr-qc/0204012 v2, April 11.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2002), “High-Frequency Gravitational Waves,” Max Planck Institute for
Astrophysics (MPA) Lecture, May 9, Revised May 15, 2002. (Please see Internet site at:
http://drrobertbaker.com/EuropeanLecture2002.htm .)
Leonid P. Grishchuk (2003), “Electromagnetic generators and detectors of gravitational waves,” paper
HFGW-03-119, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Heinz Dehnen and Fernando Romero-Borja (2003), “Generation of GHz – THz High-Frequency
Gravitational Waves in the laboratory,” paper HFGW-03-102, Gravitational-Wave Conference,
The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Giorgio Fontana and Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2003), “The high-temperature superconductor (HTSC)
gravitational laser (GASER),” paper HFGW-03-107, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The
MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
M. Portilla (2003), “Generation of HFGW by irradiating a multidielectric film,” paper HFGW-03-112,
Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Valentin N. Rudenko (2003), “Optimization of parameters of a coupled generator-receiver for a
gravitational Hertz experiment,” paper HFGW-03-113, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The
MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2003), “Generation of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) by means of
an array of micro- and nano-devices,” paper HFGW-03-117, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The
MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
H. David Froning, Jr. and Terence W. Barrett (2003), “Investigation of specially conditioned
electromagnetic fields for High-Frequency Gravitational Wave generation,” paper HFGW-03-122,
Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Eric W. Davis (2003), “Laboratory generation of high-frequency gravitons via quantization of the coupled
Maxwell-Einstein fields,” paper HFGW-03-125, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE
Corporation, May 6-9.
Raymond Chiao (2003), in “The Gravity Radio,” New Scientist, November 8, pp.38-43 (Admits to errors in
Chiao (2002)),
5
G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan and V. N. Rudenko, Very high frequency gravitational wave background in the
universe, Class. Quantum Grav. 21, 3344-3359 (2004).
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2006), “Novel formulation of the quadrupole equation for potential stellar
gravitational-wave power estimation” Astronomische Nachrichten / Astronomical Notes, 327, No.
7, pp. 710-713.
Peer-Reviewed Proceedings Publications:
Robert M. L. Baker,., Jr. (2004), “Precursor Experiments Regarding the Generation of High-Frequency
Gravitational Waves (HFGW) by Means of Using an Array of Micro- and Nano-Devices,” Space
Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2004), edited by M. S. El-Genk,
American Institute of Physics, Melville, New York, February 8-12, 699, Paper F02-2-179.
Enrique Navarro, Miguel Portilla, and Jose Luis Valdes (2004), “Test of the generation of high-frequency
gravitational waves by irradiating a multidielectric film,” Space Technology and Applications
International Forum (STAIF-2004), edited by M. S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics,
Melville, New York, February 8-12, 2004, 699, Paper F02-1-141.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2004), “Precursor Proof-of-Concept Experiments for Various Categories of High-
Frequency Gravitational Wave (HFGW) Generators,” Space Technology and Applications
International Forum (STAIF-2004), edited by M. S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics,
Melville, New York, February 8-12, 699 , Paper F01-2-178.
Giorgio Fontana, (2004), “Design of a Quantum Source of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW)
and Test Methodology,” Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2004),
edited by M. S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics, Melville, New York, February 8-12, 699,
Paper F02-1-143.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr., Eric W. Davis, and R. Clive Woods (2005), “Gravitational Wave (GW) Radiation
Pattern at the Focus of a High-Frequency GW (HFGW) Generator and Aerospace Applications,”
in the proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2005),
edited by M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville, NY
746, 1315-1322.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. and Fang-Yu Li (2005), “High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (HFGW) Generation
by Means of a Pair of Opposed X-ray Lasers and Detection by Means of Coupling Linearized GW
to EM Fields,” in the proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum
(STAIF-2005), edited by M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings,
Melville, NY 746, 1271-1281.
R. Clive Woods and Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2005), “Gravitational Wave Generation and Detection Using
Acoustic Resonators and Coupled Resonance Chambers,” in the proceedings of Space Technology
and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2005), edited by M.S. El-Genk, American Institute
of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville, NY 746, 1298.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr., (2005), “Applications of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGWs),” in the
proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2005), edited by
M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville, NY 746, 1306-
1313.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr., Fangyu Li and Ruxin Li (2006), “Ultra-High-Intensity Lasers for Gravitational
Wave Generation and Detection” in the proceedings of Space Technology and Applications
6
International Forum (STAIF-2006), edited by M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics
Conference Proceedings, Melville NY 813, pp.1249-1258.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr., R. Clive Woods and Fangyu Li (2006), “Piezoelectric-Crystal-Resonator High-
Frequency Gravitational Wave Generation and Synchro-Resonance Detection,” in the proceedings
of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2006), edited by M.S. El-
Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville NY 813, pp. 1280-1289.
Giorgio Fontana and Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2006), “Generation of Gravitational Waves with Nuclear
Reactions,” in the proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum
(STAIF-2006), edited by M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings,
Melville NY 813, pp. 1352-1358.
HFGW Detectors
R. L. Forward and R. M. L. Baker, Jr. (1961), “Gravitational Gradients, Gravitational Waves and the
‘Weber Bar’,” Lecture given at the Lockheed Astrodynamics Research Center, 650 N. Sepulveda,
Bel Air , California, USA, November 16th. (Forward coined the term “High-Frequency
Gravitational Waves.”)
R. L. Forward, D. Zipov, J. Weber, S. Smith and H. Benioff (1961), “Upper Limit for Interstellar Millicycle
Gravitational Radiation,” Nature, Volume 189, p. 473.
M. E. Gertsenshtein (1962), “Wave resonance of light and gravitational waves,” Soviet Physics JETP,
Volume 14, Number 1, pp. 84-85.
G. A. Lupanov (1967), “A capacitor in the field of a gravitational wave,” JETP 25, 1, p. 76.
Joseph Weber (1969), “Electromagnetic Coupled Detection of Dynamic Gravitational Force Gradients,”
United States Patent 3,722,288, filed January 31.
V. B. Braginsky, L.P. Grishchuk, A. G. Doroshkevich, Ya. B. Zeldovich, I. D. Noviko and M. V. Sazhin
(1974), “Electromagnetic Detectors of Gravitational Waves,” Sov. Phys. JETP 38, p. 865.
V. B. Braginsky and Valentin N. Rudenko and (1978), “Gravitational waves and the detection of
gravitational radiation,” Physics Report (Review section of Physics Letters), Volume 46, Number
5, p. 165-200.
Valentin N. Rudenko and M. V. Sazhin (1980), “Laser interferometer as a gravitational wave detector,”
Sov. J. Quantum Electron., Volume 10, November, pp. 1366-1373.
Fangyu Li, Mengxi Tang and Pengfel Zhao, (1992), “Interaction between Narrow Wave Beam-type High
Frequency Gravitational Radiation and Electromagnetic Fields.” ACTA Physsica Sisica, Volume
41, Number 12, pp. 1919-1928.
Melvin A. Lewis (1995), “Gravitational-Wave Versus Electromagnetic-Wave Antennas,” IEEE Antennas
& Propagation Magazine, Volume 37, Number 3, June.
Melvin A. Lewis (1995), “Sleuthing out Gravitational Waves,” IEEE Spectrum, May, pp. 57-61.
Michael Tobar (1995), “Characterizing multi-mode resonant-mass gravitational wave detectors,” Journal of
Applied Physics, Volume 28,. pp. 1729-1736.
7
S. Frasca and M. A. Papa (1995), “Local Arrays of high-frequency arrays,” First Edoardo Amaldi
Conference on Gravitational Wave Experiments, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, pp.
443-448.
D. J. Ottaway, et al (1998), “A Compact Injection-Locked Nd:YAG Laser for Gravitational Wave
Detection,” IEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Volume 34, Number 10, October.
C. Mehmel and B. Caron (1998), “Modeling and Control of a Gravitational Wave Detector, “IEEE
International Conference on Control Applications, Trieste, Italy, 1-4 September, pp. 736-740.
E.G.Bessonov (1998), “Grasers Based on Particle Accelerators and on lasers,”
arXiv:physics/9802037v2[physics.class-ph]
M.E. Tobar (1999), “Microwave Parametric Transducers for the Next Generation of Resonant-Mass
Gravitational Wave Detectors,” Dept. of Physics, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands,
6907 WA, Australia.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2000), “Gravitational Wave Generator,” United States Patent 6,417,597, filed July
14.
Fang-Yu Li, Meng-Xi Tang, Jun Luo, and Yi-Chuan Li (2000) “Electrodynamical response of a high-
energy photon flux to a gravitational wave,” Physical Review D, Volume 62, July 21, pp. 044018-
1 to 044018 -9.
A. M. Cruise (2000), “An electromagnetic detector for very-high-frequency gravitational waves,” Class.
Quantum Gravity, Volume 17, pp. 2525-2530.
R. M. J. Ingley and A. M. Cruise (2001), “An electromagnetic detector for high frequency gravitational
waves,” 4th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Perth, Australia, July.
Philippe Bernard, Gianluca Gemme, R. Parodi, and E. Picasso (2001), “A detector of small harmonic
displacements based on two coupled microwave cavities,” Review of Scientific Instruments,
Volume 72, Number 5, May, pp. 2428-2437.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2002), “High-Frequency Gravitational Waves,” Max Planck Institute for
Astrophysics (MPA) Lecture, May 9, Revised May 15, 2002. (Please see Internet site at:
http://drrobertbaker.com/EuropeanLecture2002.htm )
Fang-Yu Li, Meng-Xi Tang, and Dong-Ping Shi (2002), “Electromagnetic response of a Gaussian beam to
high-frequency relic gravitational waves in quintessential inflationary models,” Chongqing
University Report, December 3, pp. 1-33.
Andrea Chincarini and Gianluca Gemme (2003), “Micro-wave based High-Frequency Gravitational Wave
detector,” paper HFGW-03-103, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May
6-9.
Fang-Yu Li, Meng-Xi Tang, and Dong-Ping Shi, (2003), “Electromagnetic response of a Gaussian beam to
high-frequency relic gravitational waves in quintessential inflationary models,” Physical Review B
67, pp. 104006-1 to -17.
Leonid P. Grishchuk (2003), “Electromagnetic generators and detectors of gravitational waves,” paper
HFGW-03-119, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
8
Fang-Yu Li, Meng-Xi Tang, and Dong-Ping Shi (2003), “Electromagnetic response for High-Frequency
Gravitational Waves in the GHz to THz band,” paper HFGW-03-108, Gravitational-Wave
Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Ning Li (2003), “Measurability of AC gravity fields,” paper HFGW-03-106, Gravitational-Wave
Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Valentin N. Rudenko (2003), “Optimization of parameters of a coupled generator-receiver for a
gravitational Hertz experiment,” paper HFGW-03-113, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The
MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
P. S. Shawhan (2004), “Gravitational Waves and the Effort to Detect them,” American Scientist 92, 356 (Explains why
LIGO cannot detect HFGWs).
G. S .Bisnovatyi-Kogan and V. N. Rudenko (2004), “Very high frequency gravitational wave background
in the universe,” Class. Quantum Grav. 21, 3344-3359.
Fangyu Li, and Nan Yang (2004), “Resonant Interaction between a Weak Gravitational Wave and a
Microwave Beam in the Double Polarized States Through a Static Magnetic Field” Journal-ref:
Chin. Phys. Lett., 21, No. 11, p. 2113.
Richard M. J. Ingley, (2005), “Implementation and Cross Correlation of Two High Frequency Gravitational
Wave Detectors,” PhD Thesis, The University of Birmingham, January.
A. M. Cruise and Richard M. J. Ingley (2005), “A correlation detector for very high frequency gravitational
waves,” Class. Quantum Grav. 22, 5479-5481.
Fangyu Li, Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. and Zhenya Chen (2006), “Perturbative photon flux generated by high-
frequency relic gravitational waves and utilization of them for their detection,” International
Journal of Modern Physics D 15.
Lee, Zhi-Jun and Wan, Zhen-Zhui (2006), “Noises in Detecting Relic Gravitational Waves,” Chin.
Phys.Lett. 23, No. 12, pp. 3183- 3186.
D. I. Schuster_,1 A. A. Houck_,J. A. Schreier,1 A. Wallraff, J. M. Gambetta, A. Blais, L. Frunzio,1 B.
Johnson, M. H. Devoret, S. M. Girvin, and R. J. Schoelkopf (2006), “Resolving photon number
states in a superconducting circuit,” arXiv:cond-mat/0608693 v1, 30 August.
Fangyu Li and Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2007), “Detection of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves by
Superconductors,” 6th International Conference on New Theories, Discoveries and Applications of
Superconductors and Related Materials, Sydney, Australia, January 10.
A. M. Cruise (2007), “Operational Performance of the Birmingham 100 MHz Detector and Upper Limits
on the Stochastic Background,” Amaldi 7 Gravitational Wave Conference, July 9, 2007, Sydney,
Australia.
Peer-Reviewed Proceedings Publications:
Fangyu Li , Robert M.L. Baker, Jr.. and Zhenyun Fang, (2007), “Coupling of an Open Cavity to
Microwave Beam: A Possible New Scheme of Detecting High-Frequency Gravitational Waves,”
in the proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007),
edited by M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville, NY
880, pp. 1139-1148.
9
HFGW Applications
Ning Li and Douglas G. Torr (1992), “Gravitational effects on the magnetic attenuation of super
conductors”, Physical Review B, Volume 46, Number 9, p. 5491. (HFGW refraction)
Douglas G. Torr and Ning Li (1993), “Gravitoelectric-electric coupling via superconductivity,” Found.
Phys. Letts. 6 371-383.(HFGW refraction)
Mark Kowitt., (1994). “Gravitomagnetism and magnetic permeability in superconductors,” Physical
Review B , Volume 49, Number 1, pp. 704-708 (Challenges Li and Torr (1992)).
Melvin A. Lewis (1995), “Gravitational-Wave Versus Electromagnetic-Wave Antennas,” IEEE Antennas
& Propagation Magazine, Volume 37, Number 3, June (HFGW communication).
Edward G. Harris (1999), “Comments on ‘Gravitoelectric-coupling via superconductivity’ by Douglas G.
Torr and Ning Li,” Foundations of Physics Letters, Volume 12, Number 2, pp. 201-205
(Challenges Torr and Li (1993)).
Hideo Seki (2001), “Communication Method by Gravitational Waves of High Frequency,” Japanese Patent
No. 2001077766A, March 23 (to communicate with stars and examine diseases within the human
body).
Jiri Joseph Petlan (2001), “Communication System Using Gravitational Waves,” United States Patent No.
6300614 B1, October.(resonant frequency set up between two identical masses).\,
Transportation Sciences Corporation (2002). Please see Internet site: http://www.gov-world.com/ and enter
Vendor Supplied Key word/phrase: Gravitational Waves (HFGW communication and imaging).
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2003), “Application of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves to imaging,” paper
HFGW-03-120, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Giorgio Fontana (2003), “Gravitational radiation applied to space travel,” paper HFGW-03-111,
Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Melvin A. Lewis (2003), “Gravitational waves for voice and data communication,” paper HFGW-03-109,
Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Paul A. Murad and Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2003), “Gravity with a spin: Angular momentum in a
gravitational-wave field,” paper HFGW-03-114, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE
Corporation, May 6-9.
Gary V. Stephenson (2003), “The application of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) to
communications,” paper HFGW-03-104, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE
Corporation, May 6-9.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. and Paul A. Murad (2003), “Cosmology and the door to other dimensions and
universes,” 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Propulsion Conference, Huntsville, Alabama, July 22.
R. Clive Woods (2005), “Manipulation of gravitational waves for communications applications using
superconductors,” Physica C 433, pp. 101–107.
Lawrence S. Moy and Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2006), “Nano-mechanism HFGW delivery systems for
dermatological applications” in the proceedings of the International Congress of
Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine (NanoBio2006), June 19-21, San Francisco, California,
10
USA.
R. Clive Woods (2007), “Exploitation of variable phase-shifter for very-high-frequency gravitational
waves,” Physica C, in press.
Peer-Reviewed Proceedings Publications:
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2004), “An Experimental Program for Assessing High-Frequency Gravitational
Wave (HFGW) Optical Applications and the Precursor HFGW Telescope,” Space Technology and
Applications International Forum (STAIF-2004), edited by M. S. El-Genk, American Institute of
Physics, Melville, New York, February 8-12, 699, Paper F01-2-178.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr., (2005), “Applications of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGWs),” in the
proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2005), edited by
M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville, NY 746, 1306.
R. Clive Woods (2006), “A Novel Variable-Focus Lens for HFGWs,” in the proceedings of Space
Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2006), edited by M.S. El-Genk,
American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville NY 813, 1297-1304.
R. Clive Woods (2006), “High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Optics,” in the proceedings of Space
Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2006), edited by M.S. El-Genk,
American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville NY 813, 1305-1312.
Robert M.L. Baker, Jr.. (2007), “Surveillance Applications of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves,” in the
proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007), edited by
M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville, NY 880, pp.
1017-1026.
R. Clive Woods, (2007), “Modified Design of Novel Variable Focus Lens for VHFGW,” in the
proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007), edited by
M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville, NY 880, pp.
1011-1018.
Giorgio Fontana and Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2007), “HFGW-Induced Nuclear Fusion,” in the proceedings
of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007), edited by M.S. El-
Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville, NY 880, pp. 1156-1164.
Lawrence S. Moy and Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2007), “The Influence of High-Frequency Gravitational
Waves upon Muscles,” in the proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International
Forum (STAIF-2007), edited by M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference
Proceedings, Melville, NY 880, pp. 1004-1012.
Colby Harper and Gary Stephenson (2007), “The Value Estimation of an HFGW Frequency Time Standard
for Telecommunications Network Optimization,” in the proceedings of Space Technology and
Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007), edited by M.S. El-Genk, American Institute of
Physics Conference Proceedings, Melville, NY 880, pp. 1083-1091.
HFGW Propulsion and Gravity Modification
L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz (1975), The Classical Theory of Fields, Fourth Revised English Edition,
Pergamon Press, p. 349.
11
Demetrious Christodoulou (1991), “Nonlinear nature of gravitation and gravitational-wave experiments,”
Physical Review Letters, Volume 67, Number 12, September 16, pp. 1486-1489.
E. Podkletnov and R. Nieminen (1992), “A possibility of gravitational force shielding by bulk YBa2Cu3O7–x
superconductor”, Physica C., 203 441.
N. Li and D.G. Torr (1992), “Gravitational effects on the magnetic attenuation of superconductors,”, Phys.
Rev. B., 46 5489.
M. de Podesta and M. Bull (1995), “Alternative explanation of ‘gravitational screening’ experiments,”
Physica C., 253 199.
C.S. Unnikrishnan (1996), “Does a superconductor shield gravity?”, Physica C., 266 133.
W. B. Bonnor and M. S. Piper (1997), “The gravitational wave rocket,” Class. Quantum Grav, Volume 14,
pp. 2895-2904.
F.N. Rounds (1998), “Anomalous weight behavior in YBa2Cu3O7 compounds at low temperature,” Proc.
NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Phys. Workshop., Cleveland 297.
H. Reiss (1999), “A possible interaction between gravity and high temperature superconductivity – by a
materials property?”, Proc. 15th Europ. Conf. Thermophys. Prop., Würzburg.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. and Frederick W. Noble (1999), “Peak Power Energy Storage Device and
Gravitational Wave Generator,” United States Patent 6,160,336, filed November 19.
R. Koczor and D. Noever (1999), “Fabrication of large bulk ceramic superconductor disks for gravity
modification experiments and performance of YBCO disks under e.m. field excitation,”
AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA 99-2147.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2000), “Gravitational Wave Generator,” United States Patent 6,417,597, filed July
14.
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2000), “Preliminary Tests of Fundamental Concepts Associated with
Gravitational-Wave Spacecraft Propulsion,” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics:
Space 2000 Conference and Exposition, Paper Number 2000-5250, September 20, August 21,
2001, Revision. (Please see Internet site at: http://drrobertbaker.com/RevisedAIAAPaper.htm .)
E. Podkletnov and G. Modanese (2001), “Impulse gravity generator based on charged YBa2Cu3O7–y
superconductor with composite crystal structure,” Los Alamos National Laboratory Archive
physics/0108005.
R.C. Woods, S.G. Cooke, J. Helme and C.H. Caldwell (2001), “Gravity modification by high-temperature
superconductors,” Proc. 37th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf., Salt Lake City,
Utah, U.S.A.
M. Tajmar and C.J. de Matos (2001), “Coupling of electromagnetism and gravitation in the weak field
approximation,” J. Theoretics, 3, 1.
D. Goodwin (2001), “A proposed experimental assessment of a possible propellantless propulsion system,”
AIAA 2001-3653, July 9.
Jeffrey Cameron (2001), “An Asymmetric Gravitational Wave Propulsion System,” AIAA-2001-3913
paper.
12
Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2002), “High-Frequency Gravitational Waves,” Max Planck Institute for
Astrophysics (MPA) Lecture, May 9, Revised May 15, 2002. (Please see Internet site at:
http://drrobertbaker.com/EuropeanLecture2002.htm.)
R.C. Woods (2002), “Comments on ‘A gravitational shielding based upon ZnS:Ag phosphor’ and ‘The
gravitational mass at the superconducting state,” Los Alamos National Laboratory Archive
physics/0204031
D. Maker and G.A. Robertson (2003), “Very large propulsive effects predicted for a 512kV rotator,” Proc.
STAIF-2003, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.
George D. Hathaway (2003), “Force beam and gravity modification experiments: an engineer’s
perspective,” paper HFGW-03-121, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation,
May 6-9.
Giorgio Fontana (2003), “Gravitational radiation applied to space travel,” paper HFGW-03-111,
Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Marc G. Millis (2003), “NASA breakthrough propulsion physics project,” paper HFGW-03-110,
Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Harold E. Puthoff and Michael Ibison (2003), “Polarizable vacuum ‘Metric Engineering’ approach to GR-
type effects,” paper HFGW-03-124, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation,
May 6-9.
Glen A. Robertson (2003), “Analysis of the impulse experiment using the electromagnetic analog of
gravitational waves,” paper HFGW-03-116, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE
Corporation, May 6-9.
Roger Clive Woods (2003), “Gravitation and high-temperature superconductors: the current position,”
paper HFGW-03-118, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Eric W. Davis (2003), “Laboratory generation of high-frequency gravitons via quantization of the coupled
Maxwell-Einstein fields,” paper HFGW-03-125, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE
Corporation, May 6-9.
Jeffrey A. Cameron (2004), “Asymetric Gravitational Wave Propulsion System,” United States Patent
Application Publication No. US 2004/0140403, July.
Peer-Reviewed Proceedings Publications:
Giorgio Fontana (2000), “Gravitational Radiation and its Application to Space Travel,” paper CP 504,
Space Technology and Applications International Forum – 2000, edited by M. S. Genk, American
Institute of Physics.
Roger Clive Woods (2004), “Review of Claims of Interaction between Gravitation and High-Temperature
Superconductors,” Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2004), edited by M.
S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics, Melville, New York, February 8-12, 699, Paper F01-1-
123.
Giorgio Fontana (2005), “Gravitational Wave Propulsion,” Space Technology and Applications
International Forum (STAIF-2005), edited by M. S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics,
Melville, New York, 699, Paper F02-003.
13
Paul A. Murad (2007), “Exploring Gravity and Gravitational Wave Dynamics Part I: Gravitational
Anomalies,” Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007), edited by M.
S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics, Melville, New York 880, pp. 967-975.
Paul A. Murad (2007), “Exploring Gravity and Gravitational Wave Dynamics Part II: Gravity Models,”
Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007), edited by M. S. El-Genk,
American Institute of Physics, Melville, New York, Paper196.
Giorgio Fontana, Paul Murad and Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. (2007), “Hyperspace for Space Travel,” Space
Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007), edited by M. S. El-Genk,
American Institute of Physics, Melville, New York 880, pp. 1117-1125,
Astronomical: Relic and Primordial Background (HFGW: kHz – 10GHz)
L. Halpren and B. Jouvet (1968), “On stimulated photon-graviton conversion by an electromagnetic field,”
Annale H. Poincaré, Volume VII, NA1, pp. 25ff.
L. P. Grishchuk (1976), “Primordial Gravitons and the Possibility of their Observation,” Sov. Phys. JETP
Lett. 23, p. 293.
L. P. Grishchuk (1977), “Graviton Creation in the Early Universe,” Ann. Acad. Sci.I (N.Y.) 302, p. 439.
R. D. Blandford (1978), “Massive Black Holes and Gravitational Radiation” in Sources of Gravitational
Radiation, Edited by Larry Smarr, p. 205.
R. Brustein, M. Gasperini, M. Giovannini, and G. Veneziano (1995), “Relic gravitational waves from string
cosmology”, Physics Letters B, Volume 361 pp. 45-51.
L. P. Grishchuk (1999) “On the delectability of Relic (Squeezed) Gravitational Waves” in the Proceedings
of the 34th Rencontres de Moriond: Gravitational Waves and Experimental Gravity.
M. Giovannini (1999), “Production and detection of relic gravitons in quintessential inflationary models,” Phys. Rev. D
60, pp. 123511-8.
Rainer Weiss (2001), E-mail Communication to R. M L Baker, Jr., June 2: “High-frequency gravitational
waves, KHz – MHz (and beyond), have significant scientific interest and ideas (for their detection)
are much in demand … primeval cosmic background (is important) …”
Maurizio Gasperini (2002). Please see Internet site at: http://www.ba.infn.it/~gasperin/
Fang-Yu Li, Meng-Xi Tang, and Dong-Ping Shi (2002), “Electromagnetic response of a Gaussian beam to
high-frequency relic gravitational waves in quintessential inflationary models,” Chongqing
University Report, December 3, pp. 1-33.
Nikolai N. Gorkavyi (2003), “Generation of gravitational waves as a key factor for the origin and dynamics
of the Universe,” paper HFGW-03-115, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE
Corporation, May.
G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan and Valentin N. Rudenko (2004), “Very High Frequency Gravitational Wave
Background in the Universe,” Class. Quantum Grav. 21, pp. 3347-3359.
Yang Zhang, Yefei Yuan, Wen Zhao and Ying-Tian Chen (2005), “Relic gravitational waves in the
accelerating Universe,” Classical and Quantum Gravity 22, 1383-1394.
14
Yang Zhang, Zhao Wen, Yuan Ye-Fei, and Xia Tian-Yang (2005), “Numeric Spectrum of Relic
Gravitational Waves in Accelerating Universe,” Chin.Phys. Lett. 22, No. 7, 1817.
G. Cella (2006), “Stochastic Background Data Analysis,” First ENTApP-GWA Joint Meeting, January,
Institute d’Astrophysique de Paris.
G. Sigl (2006), “Cosmological Backgrounds of Neutrons, Photons, and Gravitational Waves,” First
ENTApP-GWA Joint Meeting, January, Institute d’Astrophysique de Paris.
L. P. Grishchuk (2006), “Relic Gravitational Waves and Cosmology,” Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk .176, March 5,
36pp.
L. P. Grishchuk, et al. 2006, LIGO Technical Note T060270-00-Z (Pasadena :California Inst. Tech.),
http://www.ligo.caltech.edu /docs/ T/ T060270-00.pdf.
Xianhong Zhang and Fangyu Li (2006), “Energy-Momentum Pseudo-Tensor of Relic Gravitational Wave
polarization States,” Chinese Physics Letters 23, pp. 1395-1397.
Zhi-Jun Lee and Zhen-Zhu Wan (2006), “Noises in Detecting Relic Gravitational Waves,” Chinese Physics
Letters 23, No. 12, pp. 3183—3186.
Otakar Svitek and Jiri Podolsky (2006), “Evolution of high-frequency gravitational waves in some
cosmological models,” Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 56, 1.
Y. Zhang, X. Z. Er, T. Y. Xia, W. Zhao and H. X. Miao (2006), “An exact analytic spectrum of relic
gravitational wave in an accelerating universe,” Class. Quantum Grav. 23, 3783-3800.
Wen Zhao and Yang Zhang (2006), “Analytic approach to the CMB polarization generated by relic
gravitational waves,” Phys. Rev. D 74, 083006.
Hogan, Craig J. (2007), “Gravitational Waves from Cosmic Superstrings,” Winter Joint Meeting, American
Astronomical Society/American Association of Physics Teachers, Seattle, Washington, USA,
January 5-10, paper 074.13.
HFGW Generation by Supernova or Relativistic Collapse
M. E. Gertsenshtein (1966)., “The Possibility of an Oscillatory Nature of Gravitational Collapse,” Soviet Physics JETP.
(USSR) 51, 129-134 (July).
John Paul Adrian Clark (1978), “The Role of Binaries in Gravitational Wave Production,” in Sources of
Gravitational Radiation, Edited by Larry Smarr, p.457.
Harald Dimmelmeier (2001), “General Relativistic Collapse of Rotating Stellar Cores in Axisymmetry,”
PhD Dissertation, Technische Universität München, Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik,
September 14.
Pankaj S. Joshie (2003), “Possible celestial sources of HFGW ‘noise’: gravitational collapse of massive
stars,” paper HFGW-03-105, Gravitational-Wave Conference, The MITRE Corporation, May 6-9.
Harald Dimmelmeier, C.D. Ott, H.-T. Janka, A. Marek, and E. Mu¨ller (2007), “Generic Gravitational-Wave
Signals from the Collapse of Rotating Stellar Cores,” Phys. Rev. Lett . 98, 251101-1-4.
15
C. D. Ott, H. Dimmelmeier, A. Marek, H. T. Janka, I. Hawke, B. Zink and E. Schnetter (2007), “3D
Collapse of Rotating Stellar Iron Cores in General Relativity Including Deleptonization and
Nuclear Equation of State,” Phys. Rev. Lett . 98, 261101-1-4.
Low Frequency (LF) GW from Orbiting Objects (mHz – kHz)
P. C. Peters and J. Mathews (1963), “Gravitational Radiation from Point Masses in a Keplerian Orbit,”
Physical Review, Volume 131, pp. 435-440.
P. D. D’Eath (1978), “Gravitational Radiation from Hyperbolic Encounters”, in Sources of Gravitational
Radiation, Edited by Larry Smarr, pp. 293-309.
R. A. Hulse (1994), “The Discovery of the Binary Pulsar,” Reviews of Modern Physics 66, No. 3, July, pp. 699-710.
J. H., Jr. Taylor (1994), “Binary pulsar and relativistic gravity,” Reviews of Modern Physics 66, No. 3, July, 711-719.
Éanna É. Flanagan and Scott A. Hughes (1998), “Measuring gravitational waves from binary black hole
coalescences. I. Signal to noise for inspiral, merger, and ringdown,” Physical Review D, Volume
57, Number 8, pp. 4535-4565.
S. F. Ashby, Ian Foster, James M. Lattimer, Norman, Manish Parashar, Paul Saylor, Schutz, Edward
Seidel, Wai-Mo Suen, F. D. Swesty, and Clifford M. Will (2000), “A Multipurpose Code for 3-D
Relativistic Astrophysics and Gravitational Wave Astronomy: Application to Coalescing Neutron
Star Binaries,” Final Report for NASA CAN NCCS5-153, October 15, 30 pages.
Michele Vallisneri (2000), “Prospects for Gravitational-Wave Observations of Neutron-Star Tidal
Disruption in Neutron-Star-Black-Hole Binaries”, Physical Review Letters, Volume 84, Number
16, pp. 3519-3522.
J. Baker, M. Campanelli, C. O. Lousto, and R. Takahashi (2002), “Modeling gravitational radiation from
coalescing binary black holes,” arXiv: astro-ph/0202469 v1, February 25.
V. Kaloger, C. Kim,D.R. Lorimer, M. Burgay, N. D’Armico, A. Possenti, R. N. Manchester, G. A. Lyne,
B.C. Joshk, M.A. McLaughlin, M. Kramer, J.M. Sarkissian, and F. Camilo (2004), “Erratum: ‘The
Cosmic Coalescence Rates for Double Neutron Star Binaries,’ ” Astrophysical Journal, Volume
614, L137-138, October 20. (Low probability of LIGO detecting binaries.)
P. S. Shawhan (2004), “Gravitational Waves and the Effort to Detect them,” American Scientist 92, 356. (Explains why
LIGO cannot detect HFGWs.)
Tomas Bulik (2006), “High Frequency Gravitational Wave Sources,” ACTA Physica Polonica B 37, No. 4,
p. 1357.
Tony Rothman and Stephen Boughn (2006), “Can Gravitons be Detected?,” Foundations of Physics, Vol.
36, No. 12, December, pp. 1801-1825. (LIGO unlikely to detect gravitons.)
B. Abbott, et al. Hundreds! (2007). “Searching for a Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves with
the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory,” The Astrophysical Journal 659:918-
930, April 20
16
Jean-Louis Naudin has been doing experiments on this kind of phenomena for over 8 years.
http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/elgthk.htm
Thinkings on Electrogravitics
by Jean-Louis Naudin
Created on 05th June, 2000 - JLN Labs - Updated on March 16, 2004
Today, after some experiments and investigations about Electrogravitics and EHD, I think that the Biefeld-Brown thrust observed has four main causes :
1) A simple and common electric wind effect by Corona discharge : When a needle or a thin wire is connected to an electrostatic generator, a corona discharge take place from the sharp points. The air near these points become charged with charges of the same polarity as that of the device and is then repelled from the points due to the repulsion of like charges (the resulting motion of the air is known as the “electric wind”). Similarly, the points themselves are repelled from the charges in the air and the device move in the opposite sense to that in which the points are directed ( this is pure EAD (Electrokinetic), this is not the most interesting effect ).
2) An hydrostatic pressure differential effect between the upper and the inner the curved surface ( the Coanda/Bernoulli effect ), this is only a surface effect.
The hydrostatic pressure (which can be compared to aerodynamic pressure) is lower on the upper surface of the cupola than on the inner surface of the cupola. This can be compared to a conventional airplane wing with the extrados ( upper surface of the wing ) and the intrados ( lower surface of the wing ). This differential pressure is the direct cause of the EHD-FS lift.
( This works only in an atmospherical or a fluid environment, this is EHD (ElectroHydroDynamics), used with a plasma skin this is EPD (ElectroPlasmaDynamic))
For more informations, see :
The Coanda Effect
The EHD Flying saucer
3) An inertial effect generated by an asymmetrical centrifugal force generated by the dielectric itself. This affect all the dielectric ( an atomic structure effect ) and this why a high-K dielectric is used. This may work in full vacuum environment ( deep space )....( an Electrogravitic effect )
<< This force, independent of the movement of ions or any mechanical reaction there from, operates in the direction of negative to positive as the voltage is increasing, and presumably in the opposite direction as the voltage is decreasing.
In vacuum (10-6 mm Hg or less), one interesting effect is observed : Any simple vacuum capacitor will appear to “flash” as the voltage increases, and, concurrent with the vacuum spark, an impulse force is noted in the direction of negative to positive. >> Thomas Townsend Brown (Leesburg,VA, April 7, 1956)
The main problem in the most of case about the T.T. Brown experiments which use high voltage, is that the two first effects (1: EAD) and (2: EHD) hide this third Electrogravitics effect discovered by T.T.Brown in 1956 at 10-6 mm Hg.
Informations sources and references :
“The Gravitation Conception and Experiments” - by Alexander V. Frolov
“Reactionless Propulsion and Active Force” - by Alexander V.Frolov
“Experiments on the T.T.Brown effect conducted by T.Musha” from the book “Review of Some Field Propulsion Methods from the General Relativistic Standpoint” by Iwanaga Noriki
Electric Spacecraft Journal (ESJ) Issue 29 page 23, Jan/Feb/Mar 99
4) An energy flow effect generated inside the dielectric medium during the charge of an asymmetrical capacitor (an Electrogravitics effect) :
During a charging process of a flat capacitor, the Poynting vector ( S=ExH ) comes from outside the capacitor towards the wire connections, parallel to the surface of the armatures inside the dielectric medium. There is an energy flow directly proportional to ExB. This energy is not provided by the wires but comes from the surrounding space around the capacitor. (ref: “The Feynman Lectures on Physics : Electromagnetism vol2, Chap: 27-5, fig 27-3” by Addison-Wesley Publishing company. ) >>
During the charging process, in a flat ASYMMETRICAL capacitor with the wires connected near the edge of the armatures, the energy flow (S-Flow) is asymmetrical. (see the picture above). It is possible to generate an unidirectional thrust by using an unbalanced flow of energy induced by an asymmetrical Poynting flow during the charging process in a flat capacitor. The resulting thrust shows that this principle can be used as a thruster in the vaccum space.
For more informations, see :
The Poynting Flow Thruster experiment
The Poynting Flow Thruster proof of concept
TT.Brown Mode
Effect
Type
Works in Vacuum
1
Electric wind “Franklin tourniquet”
(Corona effect)
EAD / Electrokinetic
NO
2
Hydrostatic Pressure differential
(Coanda effect)
EHD / EPD (ElectroPlasmaDynamic)
NO
YES, with a plasma skin as an EPD thruster.
3
Inertial effect induced
in the High K dielectric
Electrogravitic
YES
4
Asymmetrical energy flow
( Poynting Flow Thruster )
Electrogravitic
YES
You may also visit the Thomas Townsend Brown dedicated web site.
Click here to read the full PDF document
Other interesting ref : The Possibility of Strong Coupling Between Electricity and Gravitation by Takaaki Musha- Infinite Energy Magazine Issue 53 ( Jan-Feb 2004 ) page 61-64
AIAA-2002-1131
“OUTSIDE THE BOX” SPACE AND TERRESTRIAL TRANSPORTATION AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY by Theodore C. Loder.
Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and presented at the 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno NV. Paper number AIAA-2002-1131.
Abstract :
<< This paper reviews the development of antigravity research in the US and notes how research activity seemed to disappear by the mid 1950s. It then addresses recently reported scientific findings and witness testimonies - that show us that this research and technology is alive and well and very advanced. The revelations of findings in this area will alter dramatically our 20th century view of physics and technology and must be considered in planning for both energy and transportation needs in the 21st century.>>
This paper can be downloaded at : http://users.erols.com/iri/Loder.PDF
This guy Naudin has been building some test craft.
http://jlnlabs.imars.com/index.htm
http://jnaudin.free.fr/advpmnu.htm
The Northrop shock wave reduction experiment
“ Electroaerodynamics in supersonic flow “
Advanced Reduced Drag Aircraft
By Jean-Louis Naudin
created on September 8th, 2001 - JLN Labs - Last update January 21th, 2003
All informations in this page are published free and are intended for private/educational purposes and not for commercial applications
The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a significant drag reduction effect and also to eliminate the shock wave on the leading edge of a wing by using the Biefeld-Brown Effect.
In the Townsend Brown Electrokinetic Apparatus described in the US Patent N°2949550 filed on Aug 16, 1960 and titled “Elektrokinetic Apparatus” we can read :
<< It is therefore an object of my invention to provide an apparatus for converting the energy of an electrical potential directly into a mechanical force suitable for causing relative motion between a structure and the surrounding medium. It is another object of this invention to provide a novel apparatus for converting and electrical potential directly to usable kinetic energy.
It is another object of this invention to provide a novel apparatus for converting electrostatic energy directly into kinetic energy.
It is another object of this invention to provide a vehicle motivated by electrostatic energy without the use of moving parts.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a self- propelled vehicle without moving parts. It is a feature of my invention to provide an apparatus for producing relative motion between a structure and the surrounding medium which apparatus includes a pair of electrodes of appropriate form held in fixed spaced relation to each other and immersed in a dielectric medium and oppositely charged. It is another feature of my invention to provide apparatus which includes a body defining one electrode, another separate electrode supported in fixed spaced relation by said body, and a source of high electrical potential connected between the body and the separate electrode. >> ( Extract from US Patent N°2949550 filed on Aug 16, 1960 titled “Elektrokinetic Apparatus” )
The Biefeld-Brown Effect is fully used in the ARDA Project and I have already fully demonstrated in Dec 5th, 1999 that this effect is able to generate a thrust on a suspended wing without moving part. ( see the ARDA mk3 “Power On Board tests “ )
Freeper thread where electrogravitic lifter is discussed.
“Beam Me Up Scotty” Anti-gravity: Fact or Fiction?
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/816773/posts?page=59#59
Dearborn Highschool press release ^ | Russ Gibb
Another theory which supposedly explains the Pioneer Anomaly.
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/1910111/posts
Creation Cosmologies Solve Spacecraft Mystery
ICR ^ | October 1, 2007 | Dr. Russell Humphreys
Posted on 10/11/2007 8:52:22 PM PDT by GodGunsGuts
Creation Cosmologies Solve Spacecraft Mystery by D. Russell Humphreys, Ph.D.*
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