Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

Fossilized feces found in Oregon suggest earliest human presence in North America
Seattle Times ^ | 02 Apr 2008 | Sandi Doughton

Posted on 04/03/2008 3:34:56 AM PDT by BGHater

click here to read article


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 41-6061-8081-100101-107 next last
To: Lijahsbubbe; Coyoteman; Ezekiel
Hold the potty humor, please ...

As if that would work.

81 posted on 04/04/2008 6:23:57 AM PDT by aculeus
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 73 | View Replies]

To: Varda
Got it; many thanks. Care to share any insights you may have of how one is able to get DNA from fossilized turds??? My (maybe simplified)understanding of a fossil is that ALL material, including organic, has been replaced by mineralized deposits over the years/centuries. No?
82 posted on 04/04/2008 6:50:33 AM PDT by ForGod'sSake (ABCNNBCBS: An enemy at the gates is less formidable, for he is known and carries his banner openly.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 80 | View Replies]

To: ForGod'sSake
Got it; many thanks. Care to share any insights you may have of how one is able to get DNA from fossilized turds??? My (maybe simplified)understanding of a fossil is that ALL material, including organic, has been replaced by mineralized deposits over the years/centuries. No?

Think mummified rather than fossilized. These are dry cave deposits.

83 posted on 04/04/2008 7:34:39 AM PDT by Coyoteman (Religious belief does not constitute scientific evidence, nor does it convey scientific knowledge.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 82 | View Replies]

To: ForGod'sSake
Fossilized doesn't always mean mineralized. It's more like preserved. This link has an article that talks a little about how they extracted the DNA (hope it comes up for you)- Researchers, led by UO archaeologist, find pre-Clovis human DNA
84 posted on 04/04/2008 7:41:52 AM PDT by Varda
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 82 | View Replies]

To: gleeaikin

At Meadowcroft, yes.


85 posted on 04/04/2008 9:09:21 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/_____________________Profile updated Saturday, March 29, 2008)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 77 | View Replies]

To: Varda

They also did mitochondrial DNA which makes it much easier to get a good sample and arrive at a consensus sequence.

Genomic DNA is only one copy per cell. Mitochondrial DNA is in thousands of copies per cell.


86 posted on 04/04/2008 9:53:58 AM PDT by allmendream
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 84 | View Replies]

To: Between the Lines

There are known knowns. These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we know we don’t know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don’t know we don’t know.
Donald Rumsfeld


87 posted on 04/04/2008 10:25:52 AM PDT by Master of Orion
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 41 | View Replies]

To: SunkenCiv

I guess the new data will have to doodoo in loo of any additional crap.


88 posted on 04/04/2008 10:25:57 AM PDT by wildbill
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 75 | View Replies]

To: allmendream

Good point but I’ve read mtDNA has other great qualities for this kind of research i.e high mutation rates, direct maternal lineage, non-recombinant etc. Great stuff, I’d like to learn more.


89 posted on 04/04/2008 10:26:06 AM PDT by Varda
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 86 | View Replies]

To: Varda

Information on the subject is easy to find, if perhaps not that easy to understand. If you have any questions ask me. I used to work for the lab that did mitochondrial analysis to identify the Vietnam veteran in the tomb of the unknown soldier.

“Here Rests in Honored Glory an American Soldier, Known but to God.”


90 posted on 04/04/2008 11:03:49 AM PDT by allmendream
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 89 | View Replies]

To: allmendream

About the tomb of the unknown, That is too cool. About DNA, Thanks for offering to answer a question. At my level of learning I try to read the journals as best I can. Its the abbreviations and jargon I find difficult. I try to stay out of the nuts and bolts of the chemistry. Do you think selection studies and/or epigenetics will pose a threat to these mtDNA derived migration theories?


91 posted on 04/04/2008 12:40:20 PM PDT by Varda
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 90 | View Replies]

To: Varda
Not at all. I don't believe the same epigenetic mechanism of methylating DNA to shut it down is active in mitochondria (would have to look it up); but even if it did it wouldn't change how it was inherited or its inherent mutation rate. Epigenetics is just another level of control, it packages DNA that is not actively being used into histone coils; the interesting thing about epigentics (to me)is how moms and dads change the methylation pattern of the DNA they pass down to enhance their own particular reproductive strategies.
92 posted on 04/04/2008 1:10:04 PM PDT by allmendream
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 91 | View Replies]

To: Varda
I looked it up. It does seem that vertebrates do methylate their mitochondrial DNA and this would increase its mutation rate. Invertebrate and plants and fungi do not methylate their mitochondrial or chloroplast (in plants)DNA.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3252156?dopt=Abstract

From nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes the probable frequency of the CpG——TpG + CpA substitutions was determined. These substitutions may indicate the level of prior DNA methylation. It was found that the level of this methylation is significantly lower in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and chloroplast DNA (chDNA) than in nuclear DNA (nDNA) of the same species. The species (taxon) specificity of mtDNA and chDNA methylation was revealed. A correlation was found between the level of CpG methylation in nDNA, and mtDNA and chDNA in different organisms. It is shown that cytosine residues in CpG were not subjected to significant methylation in the fungi and invertebrate mtDNA and also in the algae chDNA. In contrast, the vertebrate mtDNA bears the impress of CpG-supression, which is confirmed by direct data on methylation of these DNA. Here the first data on the possible enzymatic methylation of the plant mtDNA and chDNA were obtained. It was shown that the degree of CpG-suppression in the 5S rRNA nuclear genes of lower and higher plants is significantly higher in the chloroplast genes of 4,5S and 5S rRNA. From data on pea chDNA hydrolysis with MspI and HpaII it was established that in CCGG sequences this DNA is not methylated. The role of DNA methylation in increasing the mutation rate and in accelerating the evolutionary rates of vertebrate mtDNA is discussed.

93 posted on 04/04/2008 1:15:28 PM PDT by allmendream
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 91 | View Replies]

To: Coyoteman; Varda

Thanks. If I’m following, it looks like these particular “gifts” were laid down in the latrine area of the cave then almost immediately sealed off somehow from the outside world. Is that about the size of it? A thought wandered by, could it also be these turds were covered by the, er, depositor — sortof like yer average house cat attempts to do after making a deposit??? There would be certain advantages to the inhabitants of the cave, eh?


94 posted on 04/04/2008 7:00:23 PM PDT by ForGod'sSake (ABCNNBCBS: An enemy at the gates is less formidable, for he is known and carries his banner openly.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 83 | View Replies]

To: ForGod'sSake
Thanks. If I’m following, it looks like these particular “gifts” were laid down in the latrine area of the cave then almost immediately sealed off somehow from the outside world. Is that about the size of it? A thought wandered by, could it also be these turds were covered by the, er, depositor — sortof like yer average house cat attempts to do after making a deposit??? There would be certain advantages to the inhabitants of the cave, eh?

Wouldn't be a bit surprised. And with the dry environment they were mummified for posterity.

95 posted on 04/04/2008 7:25:16 PM PDT by Coyoteman (Religious belief does not constitute scientific evidence, nor does it convey scientific knowledge.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 94 | View Replies]

To: wildbill

Fewmet the guy who left it behind, but they may have had to go as well.


96 posted on 04/04/2008 10:25:41 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/_____________________Profile updated Saturday, March 29, 2008)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 88 | View Replies]

To: allmendream

Thanks for that. I notice the full article is in Russian.

“moms and dads change the methylation pattern of the DNA they pass down to enhance their own particular reproductive strategies”

Certainly something like this must have happened in a very small population under severe selection pressure (like Berengia).


97 posted on 04/05/2008 3:53:49 PM PDT by Varda
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 92 | View Replies]

To: ForGod'sSake
“latrine area”

This doesn't seem to be the case. The authors are calling this the result of “Aeolian” forces (i.e the wind). They're claiming the wind blew dirt and debris into the cave where the extremely dry conditions preserved it.

98 posted on 04/05/2008 4:15:39 PM PDT by Varda
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 94 | View Replies]

To: Varda
We don't know much about the epigenetic differences between human populations. There has yet to be an “epi”Genome project. But there really isn't that much difference between humans. If there was an appreciable difference in epigenetic sexual differences then reciprocal crosses between populations would be different (i.e. a child of a male Amerindian and a female European would be different than the child of a male European and a female Amerindian). I don't believe there is any evidence that this is the case, and neither is there really a reason to suspect it.
99 posted on 04/05/2008 4:31:33 PM PDT by allmendream
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 97 | View Replies]

To: Varda
This doesn't seem to be the case. The authors are calling this the result of “Aeolian” forces (i.e the wind). They're claiming the wind blew dirt and debris into the cave where the extremely dry conditions preserved it.

Sortof windy in the cave, eh??? I don't find the part you mentioned, is there another article somewhere I haven't seen???

Anyway, it would seem to me the simpler the explanation, the better. I mean, since they're grasping for an explanation and all -- Occam's Razor and such. Someone else mentioned a rock fall/collapse that may have covered the turd in question. A side note, the area in and around Oregon is not exactly a desert, at least the present climate, so the "extremely dry" part doesn't seem to fit. I dunno; the whole thing smells.

100 posted on 04/05/2008 8:53:23 PM PDT by ForGod'sSake (ABCNNBCBS: An enemy at the gates is less formidable, for he is known and carries his banner openly.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 98 | View Replies]


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 41-6061-8081-100101-107 next last

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson