Ironically, apart from all the legal mumbo-jumbo that surrounds the question of incorporation, I think the Fifth Amendment was always intended to protect the God-given and therefore unalienable rights of all persons. And that obligation has always existed for all human governments, preceding the existence of a Fifth, or a Fourteenth Amendment - or a U.S. Constitution.
In fact, that's the cornerstone principle of our republic.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men..."