Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

Hubble Goes to the eXtreme to Assemble Farthest-Ever View of the Universe
NASA ^ | September 26, 2012 | Staff

Posted on 09/26/2012 7:22:19 PM PDT by lbryce

Like photographers assembling a portfolio of best shots, astronomers have assembled a new, improved portrait of mankind's deepest-ever view of the universe.

Called the eXtreme Deep Field, or XDF, the photo was assembled by combining 10 years of NASA Hubble Space Telescope photographs taken of a patch of sky at the center of the original Hubble Ultra Deep Field. The XDF is a small fraction of the angular diameter of the full moon.

The Hubble Ultra Deep Field is an image of a small area of space in the constellation Fornax, created using Hubble Space Telescope data from 2003 and 2004. By collecting faint light over many hours of observation, it revealed thousands of galaxies, both nearby and very distant, making it the deepest image of the universe ever taken at that time.

The new full-color XDF image is even more sensitive, and contains about 5,500 galaxies even within its smaller field of view. The faintest galaxies are one ten-billionth the brightness of what the human eye can see.


TOPICS: News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: cosmology; nasa; space
Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 181-200201-220221-240241-260 last
To: ETL

I went to the you tube link... then watched about 4 of the suggested videos on same topic. I’m just saying... this is nothing more than time I’ll never get back. That’s the only true information about black holes, or factualy information about time space continuium.


241 posted on 09/28/2012 5:46:10 AM PDT by kjam22 (my newest music video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fHjvo6eRkI)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 228 | View Replies]

To: Hot Tabasco
To your first point, yes the future of the universe is not a happy one. As space expands it will rip everything apart, even atoms, current thinking has the universe a cold dark totally void place in a few million trillion years. Space has expanded to the point where not even atoms can exist. A great big never ending nothing. Personally I do not think we know enough about the nature of space-time, matter or energy to say with any certainty what the future of the universe is. In fact I am pretty sure we do not even know what the universe really is. Since most of it (dark energy, dark matter) is unobservable to us assuming dark energy/matter do in fact exist.

To your second point, no one knows since our big bang created our space-time and it not thought to be possible to observe another space time even if one existed. So maybe there was just one big bang or maybe there is a never ending series of big bangs. Right now we don't know and finding out if other big bangs happen will not be an easy thing to do. There is much to learn yet.

242 posted on 09/28/2012 6:46:03 AM PDT by jpsb
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 213 | View Replies]

To: Mycroft Holmes
I’ve actually built a working quantum encrypted link and spent considerable time studying the D-wave technology.

Very, very interesting. Then I'd like to ask a question, if you don't mind: Do you think there's any way the 'spooky action at a distance'/non-locality/EPR phenomenon can be used to actually communicate instantaneously? ie, open and close switches instantaneously, transfer 1's and 0's (computer language) instantaneously? Some other way?

243 posted on 09/28/2012 6:54:36 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 240 | View Replies]

To: kjam22
I went to the you tube link... I’m just saying... this is nothing more than time I’ll never get back.

Not sure what you're getting at. Do you mean the video didn't describe the notion of expanding space clear enough for you?

244 posted on 09/28/2012 6:59:02 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 241 | View Replies]

To: jpsb
the future of the universe is not a happy one. As space expands it will rip everything apart, even atoms,

What is the basis for that? What can rip atoms, stars and everything else, apart is their entering a black hole. There is no evidence that I know of that suggests space expansion will or could at some eventual point rip objects apart.

245 posted on 09/28/2012 7:12:11 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 242 | View Replies]

To: ETL
Do you think there's any way the 'spooky action at a distance'/non-locality/EPR phenomenon can be used to actually communicate instantaneously? ie, open and close switches instantaneously, transfer 1's and 0's (computer language) instantaneously? Some other way?
No instantaneously conveyed information is possible; that's in the math. It really works exactly like the math says.

I can send you a packet of quantum entangled stuff which you can use as a one time pad to do perfect encryption or decryption. There is rather less market for that than you might think. And the hard part of quantum links is the part that goes "emit a single photon".

But for you people concerned about security look at the publicly available D-wave stuff which I believe is at 128 bits and double the bit-count for what NSA has. You really need >1024 bits for keys you really want to be secure for the foreseeable future.

246 posted on 09/28/2012 7:19:21 AM PDT by Mycroft Holmes (<= Mash name for HTML Xampp PHP C JavaScript primer. Programming for everyone.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 243 | View Replies]

To: ETL
Well as space expands the distance between two points grows. At some point the distance is to great for gravity to keep matter together. That is then large objects (like the sun and the earth) start to fall apart. But the expansion continues and once again the distance between two points become so large that the strong force force can't keep small objects together. That is when atoms start to break up.

This is all just current theory of course and likely to changes as we learn more about our universe.

I am not an expert, but the theory suggests to me that space is a quantum quantity, in that only one piece of quantum matter can exist in one quantum of space. Other wise matter would simply be pulled into the larger space. Something must be preventing that, so I've assigned it (space) quantum characteristics.

247 posted on 09/28/2012 7:32:53 AM PDT by jpsb
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 245 | View Replies]

To: ETL

Oh, black holes get ripped apart too, if there are any that have not all ready evaporated in that far distance future.


248 posted on 09/28/2012 7:35:18 AM PDT by jpsb
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 245 | View Replies]

To: jpsb

Don’t have much time at the moment, but consider this...

“Observations suggest that the expansion of the universe will continue forever. If so, the universe will cool as it expands, eventually becoming too cold to sustain life. For this reason, this future scenario is popularly called the Big Freeze.[1]

If a cosmological constant accelerates the expansion of the universe, the space between clusters of galaxies will grow at an increasing rate. Redshift will have stretched ancient, incoming photons (even gamma rays) to undetectably long wavelengths and low energies.[2] Stars are expected to form normally for 1×1012 to 1×1014 years, but eventually the supply of gas needed for star formation will be exhausted. And as existing stars ran out of fuel and ceased shining, the universe would slowly and inexorably grow darker, one star at a time.[3] §IID, [4] According to theories that predict proton decay, the stellar remnants left behind would disappear, leaving behind only black holes which themselves eventually disappear as they emit Hawking radiation.[5] Ultimately, if the universe reaches a state in which the temperature approaches a uniform value, no further work will be possible, resulting in a final heat death of the universe.[6]”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe


249 posted on 09/28/2012 7:52:58 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 247 | View Replies]

To: jpsb

In other words, there is nothing that I could find (yet?) suggesting that individual objects will eventually be torn apart by space expansion. The forces holding them together are too strong, particularly atoms. I’m not even sure that galaxies would be ripped apart. Gravity may continue to hold them together as well. If you can find some expert source that supports what you’re saying, please provide it.


250 posted on 09/28/2012 8:03:42 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 247 | View Replies]

To: jpsb

This final sentence in my recent post (quoted piece below) might possibly support it to some degree. However, it isn’t suggesting that matter will be torn apart by the expansion, but rather through loss of energy as a result of the expansion and other factors (proton decay, Hawking Radiation(black holes), etc). But then, it just might be that matter comes to a ‘halt’ in the absence of energy, whatever that precisely means, not be ripped apart.

“Ultimately, if the universe reaches a state in which the temperature approaches a uniform value, no further work will be possible, resulting in a final heat death of the universe.[6]”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe


251 posted on 09/28/2012 8:16:11 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 247 | View Replies]

To: jpsb

Heat death of the universe

“The heat death of the universe is a suggested ultimate fate of the universe, in which the universe has diminished to a state of no thermodynamic free energy and therefore can no longer sustain processes that consume energy (including computation and life). Heat death does not imply any particular absolute temperature; it only requires that temperature differences or other process may no longer be exploited to perform work. In the language of physics, this is when the universe reaches thermodynamic equilibrium (maximum entropy). The hypothesis of heat death stems from the ideas of William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, who in the 1850s took the theory of heat as mechanical energy loss in nature (as embodied in the first two laws of thermodynamics) and extrapolated it to larger processes on a universal scale.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe


252 posted on 09/28/2012 8:20:18 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 251 | View Replies]

To: ETL

google big rip, it is an interesting read.


253 posted on 09/28/2012 8:24:50 AM PDT by jpsb
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 251 | View Replies]

To: jpsb

This is interesting... It’s saying that all stars will eventually collapse into black holes, as they use up their energy supply and can no longer hold off the effects of gravity. Then, if Hawking is right, they would ultimately vanish via Hawking Radiation.

“If the proton does not decay, stellar-mass objects will still become black holes, but more slowly. The following timeline assumes that proton decay does not take place.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe#Future_without_proton_decay


254 posted on 09/28/2012 8:27:28 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 251 | View Replies]

If protons do not decay as described above:

“In the event the proton does not decay as described above, the Degenerate Era will last longer, and will overlap the Black Hole Era. In a timescale of approximately 10^65 years, apparently rigid objects such as rocks will be able to rearrange their atoms and molecules via quantum tunnelling, behaving as a liquid does, but more slowly.[10] However, the proton is still expected to decay, for example via processes involving virtual black holes, or other higher-order processes, with a half-life of under 10^200 years.[3], §IVF For example, under the Standard Model, groups of 2 or more nucleons are theoretically unstable because chiral anomaly allows processes that change baryon number by a multiple of 3.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe#Future_without_proton_decay


255 posted on 09/28/2012 8:30:22 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 251 | View Replies]

To: jpsb

Interesting indeed.

“The Big Rip is a cosmological hypothesis first published in 2003, about the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the matter of the universe, from stars and galaxies to atoms and subatomic particles, is progressively torn apart by the expansion of the universe at a certain time in the future. Theoretically, the scale factor of the universe becomes infinite at a finite time in the future.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Rip


256 posted on 09/28/2012 8:33:20 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 253 | View Replies]

To: jpsb

Re: Big Rip

It sounds like the hypothesis relies on the expansion energy growing stronger and stronger, until, at some point, it would be great enough to rip individual objects apart, even atoms.


257 posted on 09/28/2012 8:38:06 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 253 | View Replies]

To: jpsb

No “Big Rip” in our Future: Chandra Provides Insights Into Dark Energy

http://www.universetoday.com/22382/no-big-rip-in-our-future-chandra-provides-insights-into-dark-energy/


258 posted on 09/28/2012 8:40:29 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 253 | View Replies]

To: ETL

Space is expanding at the speed of light? Okay... whatever you say. Go look at old buildings. They occupy space. Why aren’t they falling down because the space inside them is expanding?


259 posted on 09/28/2012 2:08:59 PM PDT by kjam22 (my newest music video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fHjvo6eRkI)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 244 | View Replies]

To: kjam22
Space is expanding at the speed of light? Okay... whatever you say.

Where did I say that, although it could be the case at some distant point in the future. And it wouldn't violate Einstein's theory because it wouldn't involve objects moving *through* space faster than light (apparently impossible), but rather space-time itself being created faster than light.

Go look at old buildings. They occupy space. Why aren’t they falling down because the space inside them is expanding?

Space expansion is only occurring, or observable, at the grand scale of the regions between galaxies and so forth.

260 posted on 09/29/2012 7:32:01 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 259 | View Replies]


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 181-200201-220221-240241-260 last

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson