If I were building or remodeling a house I would have 220 run to the garage without a second thought. I would probably even have outlets in a couple different places to save having to stretch extension cords.
Yes, most smaller lathes and mills will need 240V, single-phase power.
120V circuits can’t really haul more than about 1HP single-phase motors. To get a 3 to 5HP motor, you’ll need 240V.
If I were advising someone building a new house, I’d recommend at least 100 amp, 240V service run to the garage or shop as an “of *course* you’re going to need that” sort of thing. If I am building a new home with a shop or garage, I’d have 200 amp/240V service in the garage alone, and then another 200 amp service for the house. If a house has natural gas, and then has natural gas hot water, heat and kitchen, you’d use almost none of the 200amp service for the house.
Once you fire up a heat treating oven and a welder at the same time, you’ll use every bit of a 200 amp service. Never mind the stupid Smurfmobile with a battery and wind-up motor.
>> Do you need 220 to run machine tools to make your own arsenal?
Some of ‘em are 440V, 3-phase. Although you can synthesise whatever you need from 220 if need be. And if you synthesize your machine tool power, there isn’t that telltale 3-phase feed into your garage when the drones come looking for ordnance machine shops. :-)