Pius the hero

Pope Pius XII is once more accused of being lenient towards Hitler. John Laughland meets the man who can prove his innocence

When you visit a senior official in the Vatican, you expect to enter a world of ancient traditions: you do not expect to encounter practices which died out in 1950. Yet when I called on Peter Gumpel, SJ in his office in Borgo Santo Spirito early one morning, his first question was, ‘Would you care for a cigarette?’ A selection of three different brands was produced out of a drawer. ‘Holy smoke!’ I thought, and chose Dunhill. As I puffed my way gently through the morning, a fine rain fell on the orange grove outside.

There are some people in whose presence the heart warms with a peculiar intensity. Father Professor Dr Gumpel is such a man. The high-domed forehead betrays both formidable intelligence and distinguished ancestry; the exquisite manners and the immaculate languages (‘I had to give this lecture in Latin because I do not speak Polish’) are the unmistakable hallmarks of the German ancien régime. Yet this frail, softly spoken man is in the eye of a storm.

Gumpel is a historian whose job is to write reports on whether people qualify for sainthood. He is working on the cause of Eugenio Pacelli, Pope Pius XII, whom people keep accusing of not doing enough to save Jews during the second world war. Only last week, a fictional film, Amen, opened in London, trotting out the same tired and discredited accusations. Last year Fr Gumpel was asked to assist the work of a Catholic–Jewish historical commission constituted to examine Vatican documents on the matter. For various reasons, this commission collapsed in mutual recriminations last August, and Gumpel was instructed by the Pope to issue a sharp statement accusing the Jewish historians of professional misconduct, of bad faith and, effectively, of lying. ‘The whole experience was shattering,’ says Gumpel.

As it happens, Fr Gumpel is not only an academic expert on this period: he was also a first-hand witness of it. Now aged 78, he remembers as a boy of ten watching his grandfather, a close personal friend of Field Marshal Hindenburg, turn white with anger when he heard that the German president had appointed Hitler chancellor. ‘Hindenburg promised me he would never do this!’ said the grandfather. The old man and one of Gumpel’s cousins were subsequently shot by the Nazis, and the same fate would have befallen Gumpel and his mother if the Nazis had caught them hiding a former socialist minister in their apartment near the Kurfürstendamm.

Gumpel has to draw on his considerable priestly qualities to suppress his obvious inner anger when people today attack Pius XII. As a student in the Netherlands during the war, Gumpel himself heard the Bishop of Utrecht read out the famous protest against deportations made in all Dutch Catholic churches in 1942. Protestant pastors withdrew from what had been an all-Christian initiative after the Gestapo announced that they would deport baptised Jews if the declaration was made. Gumpel has now tracked down a speech given on 3 August 1942 by Governor Seyss-Inquart’s deputy, General-Kommissar Schmidt, in which he said that, because of the Catholic Church’s obstinacy, ‘we are forced to consider Catholics of Jewish race our worst enemy and, for this reason, to deport them to the East as quickly as possible’. In other words, careless talk cost lives.

This event caused Pope Pius to devote himself to secret acts to help the Jews. Before that, he had issued scores of public denunciations of Nazi racism, as papal nuncio in Bavaria, as secretary of state under Pius XI, and as Pope: for his opposition to Hitler, he was lampooned in the Nazi press as a friend of the Jews and as a Jew himself. His secret efforts were heroic. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, Pius XII was the object of adulation by Jews and Gentiles alike because of the Catholic Church’s role in saving more than 700,000 Jewish lives. As Rabbi David Dalin has shown, the people who showered official and public praise on Pius XII include Albert Einstein in 1940; Chaim Weizmann in 1943; the Chief Rabbi of Israel in 1944; the secretary of the World Jewish Congress in 1945; Moshe Sharett, Israel’s second prime minister, in 1945; the Union of Italian Jewish Communities in 1955; the State of Israel via the Israeli Philharmonic Orchestra, which gave a special concert for the Pope in the Vatican in 1955; and Golda Meir on his death in 1958. The Chief Rabbi of Rome, Israel Zolli, converted to Catholicism in 1944 and took the Christian name Eugenio in recognition of the Pope’s personal record in saving Jews.

Jewish historians and experts have followed suit in their praise of Pius: the list of his defenders includes Sir Martin Gilbert and the former deputy chief US prosecutor at Nuremberg, Robert Kempner. A brilliant lawyer of German Jewish origin, Kempner wrote a preface and epilogue to Jenö Levai’s 1968 book on Hungarian Jewry and the Papacy: Pope Pius XII Did Not Remain Silent, in which he says that the book ‘depicts truthfully the part played by the Catholic Church in the struggle against the “Final Solution of the Jewish question in Hungary”’. Kempner denounced ‘a deliberately fabricated myth’ that the Church had remained silent and done nothing — a myth he equates with pro-Nazi revisionism because it attempts to displace blame for the Holocaust from the Nazis on to the Catholic Church.

This unanimously favourable view of Pius XII was singlehandedly overturned in 1963. The cause was not a new piece of historical research but instead a fictional play by a former member of the Hitler Youth, Rolf Hochhuth. The Deputy has been reissued this year as the film entitled Amen by Constantin Costa-Gavras. Both use invented characters to accuse the Pope of not speaking out strongly enough and of being lenient towards Hitler. The result has been staggering: nine books on Pius XII have been published in the last year and a half. Yet, according to Fr Gumpel, ‘This is not a Jewish–Catholic argument.’ Indeed, Rabbi Dalin accuses three of Pius’s attackers, two former seminarians and a former priest, of using their accusations to conduct an internal argument within the Catholic Church about the future of the Papacy after John Paul II.

Perhaps the reason why these charges against Pius XII are so infectious is that they are constructed in such a way that they cannot be disproved. They are what Karl Popper called an unfalsifiable proposition: however many public attacks on Nazism Pius XII did make, one can always say he should have made more. Moreover, the denunciations of Pius today, unlike his own ones of Nazism, are cost-free: unlike Pius’s decisions, on which the lives of millions depended, today’s attacks on him produce a nice pharisaical glow of moral superiority, not to mention extremely profitable book sales. ‘It was a question of great anguish for Pius,’ says Fr Gumpel, ‘but he knew from bitter experience that direct statements produced terrible results.’

The historical commission now lies in ruins and Catholic–Jewish relations in acrimony. The Vatican stands accused of not opening its archives, even though the commission members did not even bother to read all of the 8,000 pages of documents that were put at their disposal, and even though the Vatican’s wartime papers lie uncatalogued in hundreds of boxes. ‘No archive in the world allows access to uncatalogued papers,’ says Gumpel. ‘Moreover,’ — and here he pauses, perhaps for effect — ‘every sovereign entity has rules of disclosure. I have myself tried to obtain American documents about the transfer to the United States of German scientists who worked for the Nazis. Every single one I requested has been removed.’ Point taken. As we stand up at the end of our meeting, Fr Gumpel returns to his other favourite theme. ‘Are you sure you have enough cigarettes?’ he asks. ‘Take some.’

Catholic Heros of the Holocaust

Nazi Policy and the Catholic Church

Berned, do you know who Mussolini's finance minister was? Who edited his fascist paper? The Italian senators who formed his inner circle? Mussolini's biggest supporter in the USA?

Sinkspur is one of the better known catholic agitators on this forum who has been shown to be biblicaly and historically incorrect by berned and many, many others. Sinkspur regards any historical fact that shows the Catholic Church to be in the wrong on ANY issue, as a "lie".

Pius's concordat with Hitler and his letter to President Roosevelt urging the opposition to an Israeli state are historical facts. In keeping with the highest standards of conduct on FreeRepublic, I published a link to the letter, so that all may read it. But to liars like Sinkspur, historical documentation has no validity. Only blind allegience to the church of Rome has validity to him.

So he slanders (like a media liberal) anyone who points out the unpleasant historical facts that put the lie to his belief system.

I don't know what your beef with the Vatican is berned

Berned thinks anti-Semitism is bad bigotry, and anti-Catholicism is good bigotry. He defends this by claiming that the Church has murdered "millions" (which is a flat lie) and by citing his personal brand of Catholic-hating exegesis of Revelation. Anything you cite which contradicts his "all evil emanates from Rome" worldview will be dismissed: facts must not be allowed to get in the way.

Pius's concordat with Hitler and his letter to President Roosevelt urging the opposition to an Israeli state are historical facts.

Please cite the Scripture verses which make it sin to advise against supporting the foundation of a "Jewish" secular state by atheistic socialists, which most of the original Zionists were. Those verses aren't in my Bible.

Of course, they probably aren't in the Jewish bible, either, since Golda Meir, Pinchas Lapide, and the Israeli Philharmonic seemed not to know about them.

No amount of truth will ever overcome the hatred which pollutes your heart.

It is true, that I hate evil.

In all my posts, never once, EVER, do I say anything against Jesus Christ, The Holy Spirit, God the Father, The Bible or Christians. Onle the chruch of Rome.

The fact is, way down deep at the core, that people like Campion and Sinkspur, and Valin and others, count on their membership in the Roman Catholic Church for their Salvation. NOT Jesus. They will howl with protest at these words, and they pay lip service to Christ, but at the bottom line, they regard participation in the Catholic Church as their ticket to heaven, and any suggestion that Catholicicm may be a false religion, generates intense hatred from them.

I understand this. Feel free to hate me and slander me now. But the day may come, in the not too distant future, when events in the RCC may make my words come back to your ears in a new light.

A man's motives are easily known from his words and deeds -- and even more easily known from his distortions and lies.

The Concordat of 1933 was essentially a promise: 1) by the Reich to respect the freedom of Catholics in Germany to practice their religion; 2) by the Church to remain out of German politics.

Cardinal Pacelli had no choice but to negotiate the Concordat. He was under instructions from the Pope, as an emissary of the Vatican, to reach an agreement with Hitler that would protect German Catholics, the overwhelming majority of whom opposed Hitler, from Hitler's vengeance. Moreover, the Catholic bishops of Germany pressed Pacelli for a speedy agreement, out of fear for their flocks. Pacelli himself told the British Minister to the Holy See that while he expected Hitler to violate some of the Concordat’s provisions, he probably would not violate all of them at the same time.

You are under no obligation to like, or respect, the Catholic Church or any of its clergy or adherents. But your slanders against a great and gentle man of faith who displayed the utmost courage and compassion, under conditions that would have made you soil yourself, are incomprehensible, unless motivated by pure, venomous hatred. They will be held against you by everyone who remembers them -- in this world and the next.

Freedom, Wealth, and Peace,
Francis W. Porretto
Visit The Palace Of Reason: http://palaceofreason.com

When Pius inexplicably opposed the creation of the state of Israel, what was behind THAT decision? What business was it of HIS to stick his nose in the affairs of the Jewish people and try to deny them their God-given homeland, whcih they all wanted, and flocked from all over the world to Israel to begin their new lives?

I have heard many catholic spin doctors say: "Pius was trying to protect the Jews from arab persecution". The why does the Vatican today side with Arafat and the palestinians AGAINST Israel? (ALWAYS ALWAYS ALWAYS the vatican is AGAINST the Jews time after time after time, from the Inquisition to todays headlines -- WHY????)

But here is a far more important question for you... before Pius voluntarily CHOSE to write the letter to Roosevelt urging against the creation of Israel, did Pius pray to God for God's Will regarding Israel before composing that letter? Did God ADVISE Pius to oppose Israel? If so, did God then double-cross Pius when Israel was reborn?? Was God wrong? Was God "outsmarted" by mere human Zionists?

If Pius did NOT pray to God for guidance before he opposed the re-creation of the Biblical state of Israel, then by what gargantuan stretch of the imagination do you regard Pius as "a man of God"?????

The fact is, way down deep at the core, that people like Campion and Sinkspur, and Valin and others, count on their membership in the Roman Catholic Church for their Salvation. NOT Jesus.

Lets see, how can I put this so that you can understand....WRONG...WRONG...WRONG!!!!
While I would never speak for the others you mentioned but I AM NOT A MEMBER OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. While I was raised in the Catholic Church I left it decades ago. But I will always have fond memories of the selfless nuns and priests who helped make me the man I am today.

Question, what are you going to do whrn you get to heaven and find the place simply crawling with Catholics?

You must remember that for about 1,000 years the church of Rome was the only game in town if you lived in the west.

Question, what are you going to do whrn you get to heaven and find the place simply crawling with Catholics?

You must remember that for about 1,000 years the church of Rome was the only game in town if you lived in the west.

You are quite RIGHT on both counts! I am aware that many many Catholics are saved and will go to heaven. Also, your second point is quite correct.

I oppose the VATICAN, not the folks who ascribe to their religion.

My posts here have a purpose. I believe that after JPII dies the next pope(s) will be more and more apostate, introducing more and more ecumenical heresy, eventually making the catholic church into the one-world religion I believe (from Revelation) is coming. I believe a future pope will be the False Prophet of Revelation. (Remember, it will be the False Prophet, NOT the antichrist, who requires all people of the earth to get the mark of the beast to buy and sell).

Anyway, I believe the Vatican's relentless war against Israel has a hidden agenda which is not of this world. I oppose the Vatican, and always will. I believe someday, my words on these threads may be remembered by the Catholic Freepers who hate me now in a way that will be beneficial to them (and maybe even to some who lurk on these threads.)

Thanks for your note.

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