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Calvary or Gethsemane? The Atonement According to Mormonism
Mormonism Research Ministry ^

Posted on 04/05/2012 1:18:43 PM PDT by Colofornian

Each spring millions of Christians celebrate the death and resurrection of their Lord. In light of the fact that this is one of the most important events within the Christian tradition, it is important for us to examine and understand the spiritual significance of Christ's sacrifice in light of the teachings of past LDS leaders.

Philippians 2:7 tells us that Christ made Himself of no reputation and took "the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men." Hebrews 2:17 tells us this was done in order that He might make "reconciliation for the sins of the people." Given the fact that God would come to earth to die for the sins of mankind, we are led to no other conclusion than man's sinful condition was so serious that only God's personal intervention would suffice. If man's personal merit could satisfy the penalty of sin, such an act would not be necessary (Galatians 2:21). This reconciliation is known as the atonement, or the bringing together of rebellious man with his all-holy Creator.

In the Old Testament redemption was made through the ceremonial sacrifice. God made it clear that the atonement could only result from the death of an innocent substitute. This substitute would pay, with its life, the penalty of sin. Sacrifices were made in the Jerusalem temple on a daily basis for the sins of individuals. However, once a year the people of Israel celebrated the Day of Atonement, or Yom Kippur. On this special day the High Priest would offer sacrifice for Israel as a nation, a nation which sought reconciliation with the God whom they had sinned against.

Still, the mere act of killing an animal for one's sins was not what God found favor in. The Bible makes it clear through numerous examples that redemption was based on an individual's faith in what that sacrifice stood for. This faith would lead to the obvious act of repentance, thereby making the sacrifice efficacious. God had no pleasure in sacrifice without these two very important elements.

Since the wages of sin is death (both physical and spiritual), the sinner saw the sacrifice as a vicarious substitute. The animal was taking upon itself the penalty due sinful man. The animal sacrifice was a type of Christ who would one day come and voluntarily pay the price of sin through His own death. Unfortunately, as time went on, many Jews offered sacrifice out of mere protocol and not by faith. To many, the faith in what the sacrifice represented was lost to repetitious ritual and legal attitudes.

Both Christians and Mormons speak of Christ's atonement, but the atonement means different things to both parties. Christians have looked to the cross of Calvary as the place where this grand act of reconciliation took place; Mormonism, on the other hand, has emphasized the Garden of Gethsemane.

On page fourteen of his book, "Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson," the thirteenth president of the LDS Church stated it was in the Garden of Gethsemane that Christ "suffered as only as God would suffer, bearing our griefs, carrying our sorrows, being wounded for our transgressions, voluntarily submitting Himself to the iniquity of us all, just as Isaiah prophesied."

He further stated on that same page: "It was in Gethsemane that Jesus took on Himself the sins of the world, in Gethsemane that His pain was equivalent to the cumulative burden of all men, in Gethsemane that He descended below all things so that all could repent and come to Him" (Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson, pg.15).

In his book "The Promised Messiah," Mormon Apostle Bruce R. McConkie wrote, "Forgiveness is available because Christ the Lord sweat great drops of blood in Gethsemane as he bore the incalculable weight of the sins of all who ever had or ever would repent" (pg. 337). On page 552 of the same book McConkie continues by saying, "In a garden called Gethsemane, outside Jerusalem's walls, in agony beyond compare, he took upon himself the sins of all men on condition of repentance."

On pages 127-128 of McConkie's "The Mortal Messiah," he wrote, "And as he came out of the Garden, delivering himself voluntarily into the hands of wicked men, the victory had been won. There remained yet the shame and the pain of his attest, his trials, and his cross. But all these were overshadowed by the agonies and sufferings in Gethsemane. It was on the cross that he 'suffered death in the flesh,' even as many have suffered agonizing deaths, but it was in Gethsemane that "he suffered the pain of all men, that all men might repent and come unto him."

In light of all the importance LDS leaders leader give Gethsemane, it should be mentioned that the Bible mentions this landmark only twice. To conclude that the atonement took place there is to certainly read something into these passages which is not there. While Mormon commentators point to the sweating of "great drops of blood," the New Testament says nothing about this phenomenon having a part in the atonement.

Leaders such as Benson and McConkie both claim Jesus' greatest agony took place in the garden. However, fifth President Lorenzo Snow stated Jesus' suffering in the garden was a result of knowing He was about to face the cross. Said Snow, "... the time approached that He was to pass through the severest affliction that any mortal ever did pass through. He undoubtedly had seen persons nailed to the cross, because that method of execution was common at that time, and He understood the torture that such persons experienced for hours. We went by Himself in the garden and prayed to His Father, if it were possible, that that cup might pass from Him; and His feelings were such that He sweat great drops of blood, and in agony there was an angel sent to give Him comfort and strength" (Collected Discourses, Lorenzo Snow, 10/6/1893). The "cup" He was praying could, if at all possible, be passed was the greater pain and suffering awaiting Him at Golgotha.

By emphasizing the Garden of Gethsemane, Mormon leaders miss a very significant point regarding the atonement. The expiation of sin was not based on the substitute's perspiration, it was based on the fact that the substitute died. Christ's atonement for the sins of man was accomplished in his death, not his short time spent in the garden.

In his letter to the Corinthians, Paul stresses that Christ's death was of primary importance in the atonement. In 1 Corinthians 15:1-3 he wrote, "I delivered unto you first of all ...that Christ died for our sins."

Throughout the New Testament it is the death of Christ that is stressed. Consider the following passages which refer to the reconciliation of Christ:

Romans 5:8- "But God commendeth His love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us."

Romans 5:10- For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of His Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by His life."

Hebrews 9:22 states that without the shedding (not sweating) of blood, there is no remission of sins.

Never is the Garden of Gethsemane mentioned as playing a role in the atonement. Instead, it is the cross that is emphasized.

Galatians 6:14- "But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world."

Philippians 2:8- "And being found in fashion as a man, He humbled Himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross."

To many Mormon leaders, the cross seemed to play only a secondary role. While LDS leaders do sometimes mention that Christ did die on the cross, this method of execution was only a necessary evil in order for the resurrection to take place. During a conference speech in 1953, Marion Romney, a member of the LDS First Presidency, stated, "Jesus then went into the Garden of Gethsemane. There he suffered most. He suffered greatly on the cross, of course, but other men had died by crucifixion; in fact, a man hung on either side of him as he died on the cross. But no man, nor set of men, nor all men put together, ever suffered what the Redeemer suffered in the garden. He went there to pray and suffer'" (Conference Report, October 1953, Pg.35).

Perhaps it is for these reasons that you will not find crosses on Mormon buildings. Certainly in the mind of the Latter-day Saint its significance is not equal to that of the Bible-believing Christian. We who hold the Bible dear have no choice but to concur with the Apostle Paul and declare without reservation, "That the preaching of the cross (not the garden) is to them that perish foolishness; but unto us which are saved it is the power of God" (1 Corinthians 1:18).

Additional Thoughts

After the Gospel of Matthew tells of Jesus praying the final time in submission to the Father's will (26:44), Matthew then writes, "Then he came to the disciples and said to them, 'Sleep and take your rest later on. See, the hour is at hand, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. Rise, let us be going; see, my betrayer is at hand.'" (26:45-46) Notice that Jesus says that the "hour is at hand", and identifies the beginning of this "hour" as when "the Son of Man is betrayed into the hand of sinners."

Then we turn to Mark. Again, after Mark tells us of Jesus praying the final time in the garden, he writes of Jesus finding the disciples saying, "It is enough; the hour has come. The Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. Rise, let us be going; see, my betrayer is at hand." (14:41-42) Again, Mark identifies the beginning of his "hour" as his forthcoming betrayal.

The KJV of Mark 14:33 reads, "And he [Jesus] taketh with him Peter and James and John, and began to be sore amazed, and to be very heavy." Joseph Smith changed this in the JST to read, "the disciples began to be sore amazed, and to be very heavy, and to complain in their hearts, wondering if this be the Messiah." Whereas the KJV speaks of Jesus being "sore amazed" and "very heavy", the JST speaks of the disciples this way. While this isn't a bona fide contradiction, at the very least it shows that Joseph Smith did not see the sufferings of Jesus in the garden as the focal point of the atonement, nor a time of infinite intensity of physical and emotional pain. It also makes it awkward when LDS authors use the KJV Mark 14:33 to support the modern Mormon view of the atonement.

The one gospel that mentions actual sweating, Luke, probably did not mention it originally. Modern Bible translations include a footnote after Luke 22:43-44 , like "Some manuscripts omit verses 43 and 44", and for good reason. The NET Bible explains:

"Several important Greek mss (Ì75 ?1 A B N T W 579 1071*) along with diverse and widespread versional witnesses lack 22:43-44. In addition, the verses are placed after Matt 26:39 by Ë13. Floating texts typically suggest both spuriousness and early scribal impulses to regard the verses as historically authentic. These verses are included in ?*,2 D L T ? 0171 Ë1 Ï lat Ju Ir Hipp Eus. However, a number of mss mark the text with an asterisk or obelisk, indicating the scribe’s assessment of the verses as inauthentic. At the same time, these verses generally fit Luke’s style. Arguments can be given on both sides about whether scribes would tend to include or omit such comments about Jesus’ humanity and an angel’s help. But even if the verses are not literarily authentic, they are probably historically authentic. This is due to the fact that this text was well known in several different locales from a very early period. Since there are no synoptic parallels to this account and since there is no obvious reason for adding these words here, it is very likely that such verses recount a part of the actual suffering of our Lord."

The significance here is that Luke obviously didn't see Gethsemane as the focal point of the entire narrative, nor a significant part of the atonement itself.

These observations make BYU professor Andrew Skinner's prioritization of Gethsemane more than awkward: "All of our Heavenly Father's planning and preparation, all of his interest in his children and all of his desires for them, all of his aims and goals for the entire universe came down to a singular moment in a specific time and place on this earth in a garden called Gethsemane." (Gethsemane [2002], ch. 1)

Quotes

See Also



TOPICS:
KEYWORDS: atonement; calvary; inman; lds; mormon; wehatemormons
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From the article: Each spring millions of Christians celebrate the death and resurrection of their Lord. In light of the fact that this is one of the most important events within the Christian tradition, it is important for us to examine and understand the spiritual significance of Christ's sacrifice in light of the teachings of past LDS leaders...Both Christians and Mormons speak of Christ's atonement, but the atonement means different things to both parties. Christians have looked to the cross of Calvary as the place where this grand act of reconciliation took place; Mormonism, on the other hand, has emphasized the Garden of Gethsemane...On page fourteen of his book, "Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson,"...He further stated on that same page: "It was in Gethsemane that Jesus took on Himself the sins of the world, in Gethsemane that His pain was equivalent to the cumulative burden of all men, in Gethsemane that He descended below all things so that all could repent and come to Him"...

Yup...per the Mormons...pick up your Garden...and follow Christ.

From the article: By emphasizing the Garden of Gethsemane, Mormon leaders miss a very significant point regarding the atonement. The expiation of sin was not based on the substitute's perspiration, it was based on the fact that the substitute died. Christ's atonement for the sins of man was accomplished in his death, not his short time spent in the garden.

Why does this matter -- even philosophically in how Mormons live out their lives? Well...the net effect is that Mormons -- coupled with other teachings -- think perspiration...achieved via human effort...IS the key to spiritual life...Whereas the true effect of atonement is found in substitutionary death...He took our penalty. Death is what we deserved.

1 posted on 04/05/2012 1:18:50 PM PDT by Colofornian
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To: Colofornian

I’m not sure that this is not a distiction without difference....

In the end, Christ took upon himself the sin of the world and died for our sins. Whether he took it on during the time in Gethsemane or while on the cross... what does it matter?


2 posted on 04/05/2012 1:35:54 PM PDT by RayBob (If guns kill people, can I blame misspelled words on my keyboard?)
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To: RayBob
"In the end, Christ took upon himself the sin of the world and died for our sins. Whether he took it on during the time in Gethsemane or while on the cross... what does it matter?"

Wow. Incredible, really.

3 posted on 04/05/2012 1:42:17 PM PDT by CatherineofAragon (I can haz Romney's defeat?)
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To: Colofornian
Have you made one post that doesn't relate to Mormonism? I looked up your posts and every single post or thread is you ranting about Mormonism.

Do you care about other issues or only Mormonism? I just don't understand why you haven't made a post regarding the Supreme Court, illegal immigration, gay marriage, the economy, Obamacare, MSM, ect...

Every single thread you have made and every post you have made on Free Republic is related to Mormonism.

I know Democrats pay people to call talk radio, are you being paid to come here to post about Mormons?

And no, I didn't for for Romney in the Illinois Primary...

4 posted on 04/05/2012 2:07:45 PM PDT by Dengar01 (Go Bulls!!! Go Blackhawks!!! Go White Sox!!!)
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To: Dengar01

“Do you care about other issues or only Mormonism? I just don’t understand why you haven’t made a post regarding the Supreme Court, illegal immigration, gay marriage, the economy, Obamacare, MSM, ect... “

Oh, great! Now we have a Diversity Posting Czar!

Why don’t you just monitor your own posts? We could use one place in this world without the nanny-state reaching in to smack us.


5 posted on 04/05/2012 2:48:34 PM PDT by aMorePerfectUnion (I wouldnÂ’t vote for Romney for dog catcher if he was in a three way race against Lenin and Marx!)
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To: Colofornian

Mormons — coupled with other teachings — think perspiration...achieved via human effort...IS the key to spiritual life..

____________________________________________________________

I, unlike you am unable to speak for Mormons, however my wife is a Mormon and she and I have spoken of this many times. I have attended her services many times, especially on Easter.

There is no doubt that Mormons place a great deal of importance on the Garden trials and tribulations, however the “Atonement” to Mormons is a total of the garden and the cross. There was nothing special about dying on the cross, hundreds of thousands of people were subjected to this torture by the Romans.

What is special is that Jesus Christ, who is God allowed Himself to be subjected to this and allowed Himself to die. The death was to pay for our sins, in the garden He took upon Himself our sins. In the doctrine of the Scapegoat the sins of the people are placed upon the goat by the priest. In the garden the sins of all the world were placed upon The Christ, it was more than symbolism, it was agony.

There are things that Mormons do that I may not understand, there are some I may understand but don’t make sense, this certainly is not one of them. Every Easter when I read the events of the Saviors last hours I am humbled by His unselfishness and love for all of us. To say that His death is what saves us is more than a little understated. Everybody dies, some even more horribly than The Christ. The combination of the garden and the cross however has never been borne by anyone other than The Savior. Your extension of Mormons works into this subject is more than strained.

I am truly grateful that The Lord of all was willing to take upon Himself my sins and be punished for them so that I would not have to be punished for them.

I am not grateful when people try to make something that is beautiful and pure into something it isn’t.

I think it would be wiser to find the things we have in common with Mormons than trying to find things that are different.


6 posted on 04/05/2012 2:52:57 PM PDT by JAKraig (Surely my religion is at least as good as yours)
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To: RayBob
I’m not sure that this is not a distiction without difference.... In the end, Christ took upon himself the sin of the world and died for our sins. Whether he took it on during the time in Gethsemane or while on the cross... what does it matter?

I was thinking the same thing, but also to the level of - where's the distinction? One could easily say that the crucifixion started at Gethsemane. After all, when did it start? Certainly not at the the cross, because of the torture and whipping and journey that preceded it. And certainly not entirely physically, because anyone can - and does eventually - physically die. So there is a ferocious mental, emotioan and psychic componant to the crucifixion, too, that is a huge part of Jesus' sacrifice. And when did it start? When he looked at his life up to a certain point and decided, that's all done. Now I take on the crucifixion. And that seems to be what happened in Gethsemane, and then continued on through the cross - all one thing.

7 posted on 04/05/2012 3:18:03 PM PDT by Talisker (He who commands, must obey.)
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To: Dengar01
Have you made one post that doesn't relate to Mormonism? I looked up your posts and every single post or thread is you ranting about Mormonism.

Yes, plenty. (You don't like to dig very deep, do you?)

Oh...have you asked the 55,000 Lds missionaries why they aren't ringing doorbells pertaining to non-proselytizing? (Or do you just engage in one-sided Qs like this?)

I know Democrats pay people to call talk radio, are you being paid to come here to post about Mormons?

No.

Have you asked the 55,000 Lds missionaries if they are being paid to do what they do? (Or do you just engage in lopsided Qs like this...because you like to give the 55,000 a pass -- and question the one that cuts vs. their grain? ... I expect an answer)

I just don't understand why you haven't made a post regarding the Supreme Court, illegal immigration, gay marriage, the economy, Obamacare, MSM, ect...

Well, you should talk! Let's see...I did a quick review of your decade-long article-posting record on FR...did we see any posts on the Supreme Court, illegal , gay marriage, the economy, ObamaCare, MSM? [I guess I was just following your example of sheer silence on these topics, eh?]

In fact, I looked @ your last 50 article posts over that decade-long period...

What did you post on?

Well, in the past 11 months, 31% of your article-thread posts (11 of the last 35), have been about real important stuff like whale wars...

And, then beyond those 11, what were the other 35 of your past 46 article threads focused upon?
* 3 Were on UFOs, including one on crop circles
* 5 were on murderers
* 3 were on either gay teen sex, a pedophile, and the strip searching of children

Hmmmm...and YOU -- of all posters -- are commenting on my article-posting history???

8 posted on 04/05/2012 3:30:32 PM PDT by Colofornian ( Tell us: Why do we want to vote for ONE socialist to defeat ANOTHER socialist again?)
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To: Colofornian

ROFLMAO! Great response. ;-)


9 posted on 04/05/2012 4:02:36 PM PDT by doc1019 (Romney will never get my vote!)
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To: Dengar01
I know Democrats pay people to call talk radio, are you being paid to come here to post about Mormons?

Here I thought that Democrats were incompetent. However, it takes a lot of foresight to plant Colofornian in 2001 to criticize a Mormon Republican candidate in 2012. I have to admit that is real good planning.

10 posted on 04/05/2012 5:18:27 PM PDT by CommerceComet (If Mitt can leave the GOP to protest Reagan, why can't I do the same in protest of Romney?)
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To: Colofornian
Thank you for promoting the Free Republic Whale Wars Threads!!! We can use all the help even from the most bigoted people on planet Earth!!!

Before you told me I was going to burn in hell for being Lutheran, may I ask what religion I need to be in order to go to Heaven???

11 posted on 04/06/2012 1:52:53 AM PDT by Dengar01 (Go Bulls!!! Go Blackhawks!!! Go White Sox!!!)
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To: CommerceComet
The OP history is only on moromonism. I don't really care that much about that as much as Iran, Illegals, Terrorists, Iraq, Afghanistan, Economy.

Keep being bigots and ignoring what is really going on. I'm ashamed to be associated with hateful thugs like you.

You are the KKK of the 21st Century. I presume I'll be zotted but may God curse you to the 10th Generation!!!

My 10 years on Free Republic is not worth being associated with BIGOT SCUM like you and CALIFORNICATION!!! You people are pure evil and I pray the day you meet your maker and are sent into a never ending furnace.

Dengar01 Registered September 15th 2001, checking out... After so many FRiends have left I'm not going to be left with folks who think Newt is going to be POTUS and then spout the most hateful things about mormons like the Nazis did about Jews in the 1930s.

SHAME ON THE MODS FOR ALLOWING THIS TO HAPPEN!!!

When they came for the communists, I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist.

When they came for the Jews I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew.

When they came for me there was only a few bigots at FR demanding all Mormons and anyone else who aren't their religious persuasion to be thrown in the gas chambers!

12 posted on 04/06/2012 1:59:59 AM PDT by Dengar01 (Go Bulls!!! Go Blackhawks!!! Go White Sox!!!)
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To: Colofornian; Jim Robinson; onyx; TheOldLady; STARWISE; DJ MacWoW; Admin Moderator; ...
You are a bigot! It is sad real people of faith die every day. I hope you are punished for all eternity.

This is my farewell post. This is how the holocaust started. People like Colofornian spew hatred on this website which is backed up by Google every day and are ignored. I am not a Mormon but will not support a website that allows this hate to transpire. This isn't the 1500s and the Spanish Inquisition.

Onyx and JR, for you to allow this to continue on this site is amazing to me and I can no longer be a member of this site so get your Viking Kitties out and ban this 10 year FReeper.

I'm not going to let some hateful monster from hell who spews NOTHING but hatred towards Lutherans, Catholics, Mormons, Jews, Muslims, ect...

So I'd like to go out in style.

Farewell, folks, Dengar01 is officially signing off.

So to TheOldLady who I still consider a friend please send the nuke lightning this way. I'm standing up for what is right. And I'm going to oppose bigotry.

And to Colifornian may God have mercy when you meet Him at His throne. Methinks, you will be cast into Hell with the likes of Hitler, Stalin, John Wayne Gacy, Caligula, Nero, and all of the unclean spirits who roam the world seeking the ruin of souls.

God Bless Free Republic. Sadly Election 2012 has destroyed this site and people like me are zotted, while bigots roam like the wildfires in Colorado.

Evil prevails when good people do nothing...

13 posted on 04/06/2012 2:13:24 AM PDT by Dengar01 (Go Bulls!!! Go Blackhawks!!! Go White Sox!!!)
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To: aMorePerfectUnion
Diversity for supporting conservative issues instead of being a bigot? Hmm I guess I am on the wrong website.

Didn't know the economy and social issues were related to being "Diversity"

Go kill yourself and do this world a favor :)

14 posted on 04/06/2012 2:32:23 AM PDT by Dengar01 (Go Bulls!!! Go Blackhawks!!! Go White Sox!!!)
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To: Dengar01; aMorePerfectUnion; Religion Moderator
[With what you wrote to AMPU]...

The only real Q here is -- is this a self-zot or a mod zot?

15 posted on 04/06/2012 5:25:52 AM PDT by Colofornian ( Tell us: Why do we want to vote for ONE socialist to defeat ANOTHER socialist again?)
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To: Dengar01
Before you told me I was going to burn in hell for being Lutheran...

[Never said such a thing...go review the "transcripts" before you continue false accusations]

16 posted on 04/06/2012 5:27:12 AM PDT by Colofornian ( Tell us: Why do we want to vote for ONE socialist to defeat ANOTHER socialist again?)
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To: Dengar01
Dengar...

...Our Lord God loves you...and loves Mormons...and loves me...We are ALL of great eternal worth to Him...

...He has loved us before the world was...

...He loved us so much...

That on this Good Friday 2,000 or so years ago...

He sent His Son to die for each of our sins...no matter what parts of our body worked in tandem to produce those sins...

Jesus loved us so much...

That the apostle Paul said He was actually made to BE sin (2 Cor. 5:21)...and to be a literal curse (Gal. 3:13)...on our behalf.

As difficult as it is to imagine that anything could be made worse than being crucified...I'd have to say for an all-holy God to be made sin...and to be made a curse...for EVERYBODY in the world...and for each sin in the world...it's incomprehensibly both horrendous and yet glorious all at the same time!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

We were that sin; we were that curse.

Until Jesus -- our very righteousness -- took it on our behalf. (1 Cor. 1:30)

May you go in peace...the peace of the Lord.

17 posted on 04/06/2012 5:45:33 AM PDT by Colofornian ( Tell us: Why do we want to vote for ONE socialist to defeat ANOTHER socialist again?)
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To: RayBob

well, it does matter according to the Bible

Nowhere does it say his personal anguish while alive and in prayer atones for sin

It DOES say that through His BLOOD we are healed, by His STRIPES

NOT his tears or His mental thoughts


18 posted on 04/06/2012 5:59:01 AM PDT by RaceBannon (Romney would surrender to Islam as fast as Obama promotes it)
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To: All
The ground is indeed level @ the foot of the cross: He Took Our Place: Identity Theft: Recovering Who You Are, Part I [Jesus made to be sin & a curse]
19 posted on 04/06/2012 6:46:20 AM PDT by Colofornian ( Tell us: Why do we want to vote for ONE socialist to defeat ANOTHER socialist again?)
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To: Dengar01
Blather...

Rinses...

Repeat...

20 posted on 04/06/2012 6:54:31 AM PDT by ejonesie22 (8/30/10, the day Truth won.)
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