Thanks for the info. So, from your point #2, if a priest is working in, say, New York, he would be free to apply to a diocese anywhere else if he so wished?
The new bishop would have to agree to accept him and the old bishop would have to agree to let him go. He would then be incardinated in the new diocese and excardinated in the old. His faculties would be from his new bishop.
If a priest is incardinated (and that’s the key word here; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incardination_and_excardination) in the Diocese of New York, he is expected tp stay in that diocese. He cannot just pick up and move to another diocese and function as a priest. If he wishes to leave the Diocese of New York, however, and his bishop agrees, he can be lent to another diocese for several years and then officially incardinated there (as long as all parties agree).
That’s what the Code of Canon Law makes clear:
THE ENROLLMENT, OR INCARDINATION, OF CLERICS
Can. 265 Every cleric must be incardinated either in a particular church or personal prelature, or in an institute of consecrated life or society endowed with this faculty, in such a way that unattached or transient clerics are not allowed at all.
Can. 266 §1. Through the reception of the diaconate, a person becomes a cleric and is incardinated in the particular church or personal prelature for whose service he has been advanced.
Example: I know a priest from South America. He wanted to be a missionary priest in America to work among Hispanics here. He was accepted as a seminarian in a diocese in a western U.S. state. They sent him to a Benedictine seminary college in another state tp finish his education. He was ordained by the diocese which sent him there, but only worked for a brief time in that diocese. He hated it there. Didn’t like the bishop - because he thought he wasn’t upholding Catholic teaching. He asked for permission to go to a midwestern diocese, receieved it, has been successful there (among both anglos and hispanics by the way), and will eventually incardinated in that midwestern diocese.