At least one major error is in this explanation.
Yes, all 12 tribes went into the captivity in Babylon - but scripture is very clear - only Judah and Benjamin VOLUNTARILY returned to rebuild Jerusalem AFTER the captivity. The other tribes were apparently quite content to stay in Babylon and had prospered there. They also apparently assimilated with the peoples of the area and their identity was presumably forever lost as a separate people.
Thus the post-exilic tribes were only Judah and Benjamin that left the comfort of Babylon for the dangers, insecurities, and risk that was involved in returning to a place of desolation surrounded by enemies - an incredibly brave move.
I know of no historical indication of any from the other 10 tribes ever returning.
Thus the Jews that were found in the Palestine area (there was never a country named that - name came from Romans who desired to prevent Jewish nationalism from ever re-occurring) in the early 1900’s were all descendants from the two tribes alone, and all the Jews that emigrated to Europe were also from these two tribes.
This historical fact is the origin of the concept of the lost 10 tribes........
On the return from the Babylonian captivity, sacrifices were made for ALL the tribes.
When Joseph and Mary took Jesus to the the Temple where Simeon prophesied concerning the child they also met a prophetess,Anna of the tribe of ASHER.
But then there is still the problem with the Afghan tribe who still circumcises their children at 9 days and are believed to be one of the tribes that did not go back to Judea.