Free Republic
Browse · Search
VetsCoR
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

The FReeper Foxhole's TreadHead Tuesday - M-29 Cargo Carrier Weasel & Ford GPA Seep - Oct 12th, 2004
Northern Indiana Center for History ^ | Travis Childs

Posted on 10/11/2004 11:31:54 PM PDT by SAMWolf



Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
.

FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.


...................................................................................... ...........................................

U.S. Military History, Current Events and Veterans Issues

Where Duty, Honor and Country
are acknowledged, affirmed and commemorated.

Our Mission:

The FReeper Foxhole is dedicated to Veterans of our Nation's military forces and to others who are affected in their relationships with Veterans.

In the FReeper Foxhole, Veterans or their family members should feel free to address their specific circumstances or whatever issues concern them in an atmosphere of peace, understanding, brotherhood and support.

The FReeper Foxhole hopes to share with it's readers an open forum where we can learn about and discuss military history, military news and other topics of concern or interest to our readers be they Veteran's, Current Duty or anyone interested in what we have to offer.

If the Foxhole makes someone appreciate, even a little, what others have sacrificed for us, then it has accomplished one of it's missions.

We hope the Foxhole in some small way helps us to remember and honor those who came before us.

To read previous Foxhole threads or
to add the Foxhole to your sidebar,
click on the books below.



M-29 /M-29CWeasel





One of the least known Studebaker wartime products is the M-29 Cargo Carrier (nicknamed Weasel). Studebaker sources say that company engineers designed the Weasel in cooperation with the War Department, but a more exciting Saturday Evening Post story traced its origin to a Winston Churchill request for a vehicle suitable for use in a planned invasion of Norway. It is clear that Studebaker accepted the assignment in May of 1942 and built the first working model in 34 days of feverish activity.


A camouflaged weasel pulls a treaded trailer loaded with Tenth Mountain Division troops over a snow-packed road at Camp Hale, Colorado. (1943)
Note: that this is a T15/M28 Weasel"


The Weasel was then loaded in complete secrecy and taken to the icy conditions in British Columbia to be tested. Churchill had requested that the new vehicle had to travel 25 m.p.h., over snow, climb at an angle of 30 degrees, have a turning radius of 12 feet or less and have a range of 225 miles. On top of these specifications, the vehicle had to be light enough to be carried on a cargo plane and be able to be dropped by parachute into enemy territory.



When the Weasel reached British Columbia it was thoroughly tested, and after several design and product problems, it performed well. The final corrected version was unveiled before military officials in 1942. The Weasel was put up against every known military snow vehicle available and it met or exceeded in every task. Final approval was granted and the Weasel was put into production.



The Weasel was equipped with a Studebaker Champion six cylinder engine, clutch and transmission. Changes were made in the engine’s generator, starter, manifold and distributor, but it was basically the same as the automobile’s engine. The Weasel was low and oblong and ran on tank-type tracks. There were 3 passenger seats in the rear of the vehicle and the engine was placed to the right of the driver. The accelerator was foot operated as was the clutch with the same placement as it would be in a standard automobile. Steering and braking was accomplished by two levers situated between the driver’s legs. Each lever was linked to a brake on one side of the rear steering differential. The right hand lever would brake the right hand driving sprocket and turn the Weasel right. The direct opposite happened when you used the left hand lever.



After getting the Weasel into production, the military once again changed their minds. An invasion of Norway was cancelled, however North Africa would be the next area of attention. With North Africa now being considered for invasion, there was some concern as to whether the Weasel was also good in heat and sand. Tests on the Weasel began again, this time at the Indiana dunes along Lake Michigan. Surprisingly, the Weasel performed just as well in sand as it had in the snow of Canada. Another challenge given to the Studebaker engineers was that now the Weasel had to be able to float and navigate through water. After some difficult design problems, a bow was designed and added to the front of the Weasel, as well as two rudders placed at the rear so that the craft could be steered.



The new and redesigned Weasel now completed testing in the waters of the St. Joseph River in South Bend and the muddy bogs on Long Island, New York. Once again, the Weasel proved very worthy and production was restarted.


Side shot of M29c Weasel #40186744. Good details, especially of the rudder controls, stowed boat hook, and folded back surf guard.


The Weasel saw action in nearly all of the theaters of World War II. It carried supplies and men through almost all types of terrain and weather. It went ashore on Normandy, it was with the U.S. Army during the breakthrough at St. Lo., the Battle of the Bulge and in the mud of the Roer and the Rhine. One of the best uses for the Weasel came in the Pacific where it proved invaluable in the volcanic earth of Iwo Jima.



The Weasel was Studebaker’s last wartime product when the last one came off the line (number 15,124) on August 31, 1945. How did the Weasel get its name?



The Army calls it the M-29, but GI Joe knows the newest military personnel and supply carrier as the “Weasel.”


Weasels used by the french in Vietnam


Although nature’s weasel has little social standing, reasoned GI Joe in selecting the nickname, he is considerable of a fighter. The weasel will tackle an enemy many times his weight. He strikes stealthily and swiftly. He is a crafty stalker of prey, taking full advantage of terrain. Snow, swamp, sand, mountains—nothing bothers him once he makes up his mind to get going.


A weasel is tipped over onto its side on a snowbank along the side of a road. A Tenth Mountain Division soldier surveys the situation. Two ski by on the road while others ski past on an elevated path above the snowbank. (1943-1944)
Note: later model M29 with 20" tracks and mudguard


The M-29, in the hands of the same GI Joe, fits snugly into the animal’s character. It is compact and low-slung. It is fast and sure-footed. Dressed in combat camouflage for either Summer or Winter backgrounds, the vehicle can escape detection at short distances.



Thanks to FReeper Don W for suggesting this thread



TOPICS: VetsCoR
KEYWORDS: armor; fordgpa; freeperfoxhole; m29; m29c; seep; tanks; treadhead; veterans; wwii
Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-2021-4041-6061-8081-95 next last
To: E.G.C.
Now, if you already have XP SP 2 on your computer, follow the same directions to get to "System Restore" and click "Restore my computer to an eariler time". Then "Next".

"Select a Restore Point" opens. Select the pre-SP2 donwload date within the calender frame you chose as your restore point. Click on the name you called your restore point and then "Next.

Read the warnings on the "Confirm Restore Point Selection" window. If you're satisfied with your decision, click "next".

System logs you off, shutdown and then does "system restore" Upon clompletion Windows restarts.
I hope this helps.

21 posted on 10/12/2004 5:21:40 AM PDT by E.G.C.
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 19 | View Replies]

To: snippy_about_it; SAMWolf; manna; All
Its a Treadhead Tuesday Bump for the Freeper Foxhole

Hi manna

Hmmmm, Weasels, WW-II, how about a WW-II era close up :-)

Regards

alfa6 ;>}

22 posted on 10/12/2004 5:45:25 AM PDT by alfa6 (HTML is fun,he he he ho ho ho)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 12 | View Replies]

To: snippy_about_it

Good mornin', snippy


23 posted on 10/12/2004 6:23:36 AM PDT by Cannoneer No. 4 (Live from the Taliban's Last Stand -- Enduring Operation Enduring Freedom)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 6 | View Replies]

To: SAMWolf

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on October 12:
1350 Dimitri "Donskoi" Ivanovitch, great monarch of Vladimir-Soezdal
1537 Edward VI king of England (1547-53)
1798 Pedro I 1st emperor of Brazil (1822-31), king of Portugal
1815 William Joseph Hardee, Lt Gen (Confederate Army), died in 1873
1822 Joseph Haydn Potter, Brig General (Union volunteers), died in 1892
1840 Helena Modjeska Poland, Shakespearian actress (Juliet)/anti-Russian
1860 Elmer A Sperry inventor (gyrocompass)
1866 Ramsay MacDonald (L) British PM (1924, 1929-35)
1894 Dr Charles Hodge Calif, NYU professor (Answers for Americans)
1896 Eugenio Montale Italy, poet/translator (Xenia-Nobel 1975)
1906 Joe Cronin baseball (Pirates, Red Sox, Senators, MVP 1930, AL Pres)
1921 Jaroslav Drobny Czech, hockey (Oly-gold-1948), tennis (Wimb-1954)
1923 Jean Nidetch Brooklyn, founded Weight Watchers
1926 Hans Liebold Germany, auto racer (Nardo, Italy)
1932 Dick Gregory comedian/political activist/dietician (Bahamian Diet)
1932 Jake Garn (Sen-R-Ut)/astronaut (STS 51D)
1935 Luciano Pavarotti Modena Italy, operatic tenor (Yes, Giorgio)
1936 Tony Kubek shortstop (NY Yankees)/sportscaster (NBC-TV)
1947 Chris Wallace Chic Ill, newscaster (Fox News Sunday)
1948 Rick Parfitt rocker (Status Quo-The Wanderer)
1950 Susan Anton Oak Glen Calif, actress (Golden Girl, Spring Fever)
1968 Adam Rich NYC, actor (Nicholas-8 is Enough, Code Red, Gun Shy)
1969 Nancy Ann Kerrigan, Woburn Mass, figure skater (Olympics-silver-1994)
1970 Kimberly Hoskins Yuma Arizona, Miss Arizona-America (1991)
1970 Kirk Cameron Panorama City Calif, actor (Mike-Growing Pains)




Deaths which occurred on October 12:
0638 Honorius I, [dux plebis], Italian Pope, dies
0642 Johannes IV, Dalmatisch Pope (640-42), dies
1320 Michael IX Paleologi, emperor of Byzantine (1295-1320), dies
1694 Matsuo Basho greatest Japanese haiku poet, dies
1860 Sir Henry G W Smith leader of British-Indian forces, dies at 73
1864 Roger Taney Supreme Court Chief Justice, dies at 87

1870 Robert E Lee General of the Confederate Army, dies at 63

1945 Jesse James Payne lynched in Madison County Florida
1946 Joseph W(Vinegar Joe Stilwell, US general (China), dies
1958 Ed Hinton actor (Henderson-I Lived 3 Lives), dies at 30
1969 Sonja Henie, figure skater (Olympic-gold-1928, 32, 36), dies at 57
1971 Dean G Acheson, US Secretary of State (1949-53), dies at 78
1971 Gene Vincent rocker, dies at 36
1985 Johnny Olsen TV announcer (Price is Right), dies at 75
1987 Alfred M Landon former Kansas Gov, dies at his Topeka home at 100
1987 Philleo Nash US Bureau of Indian Affairs (1961-67), dies at 77
1988 Ken Murray entertainer, dies at 85
1997 John Denver, country star (Country Boy), dies in plane crash at 53



Reported: MISSING in ACTION

1966 ELKINS FRANK C.---BLADENBORO NC.
[REMAINS IDENTIFIED 2/26/90]
1966 WOODS ROBERT D.---ARCHIE MO.
[03/04/73 RELEASED, ALIVE IN 98]
1967 DERRICKSON THOMAS G.---LOS ALTOS CA.
1967 HARDY JOHN K.---LOS ANGELES CA.
1972 BRUNSON CECIL H.---MEMPHIS TN.
[03/29/73 RELEASED BY DRV, ALIVE IN 1998]
1972 PRICE WILLIAM M.---KEWANEE IL.
1972 PEACOCK JOHN R. II---KAILUA HI.
1972 YOUNG MYRON A.---NAPA VALLEY CA.
[03/29/73 RELEASED BY DRV, RIP 07/03/99]

POW / MIA Data & Bios supplied by
the P.O.W. NETWORK. Skidmore, MO. USA.


On this day...
0638 Honorius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
0642 John IV ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1285 180 Jews refuse baptism in Munich Germany, they are set on fire
1366 King Frederick III of Siciliy forbids decorations on synagogues
1459 Battle at Ludfor: Richard of York defeated
1492 Columbus arrives in the Bahamas; the real Columbus Day
1576 Rudolf II, the king of Hungary and Bohemia, succeeds his father, Maximillian II, as Holy Roman Emperor.
1609 The song "Three Blind Mice" is published in London, believed to be the earliest printed secular song.
1722 Shah Sultan Husayn surrenders the Persian capital of Isfahan to Afgan rebels after a seven month siege.
1776 British Brigade begins guarding Throgg Necks Road in the Bronx
1822 2nd eruption of Galunggung (Java) destroys summit of mountain
1823 Charles Macintosh of Scotland begins selling raincoats (Macs)
1853 John Morrissey wins boxing title, when Yankee Sullivan leaves ring after 36th round to slug Morrissey's fans
1860 British & French troops capture Peking
1861 Confederate ironclad Manassas attacks Union's Richmond on Mississippi
1862 JEB Stuart completes his "2nd ride around McClellan"
1862 Maj Gen Earl Van Dorn assumes command of Conf troops in Missisippi
1872 Apache leader Cochise signs a peace treaty with General Howard in Arizona Territory.
1886 Hurricane & sea surge kills 250 at Indianola Texas
1886 Start of Sherlock Holmes "The Adventure of The Second Stain" (BG)
1891 Astronomical Society of France is inaugurated

1892 Pledge of Allegiance 1st recited in public schools

1899 The Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State in southern Africa declared war on the British.
1901 Theodore Roosevelt renames "Executive Mansion," to "The White House"
1915 English nurse Edith Cavell executed by Germans in Belgium (WW I)
1915 Theodore Roosevelt criticizes US citzens with dual nationalities
1918 1st use of iron lung (Boston's Children Hospital)
1918 Cloquet Minn & 25 other communities destroyed by forest fire, 559 die
1920 Cleve Indians beat Brooklyn Dodgers, 5 games to 2 in 17th World Series
1920 Man O'War's last race & win
1924 Sokolnicheskaya Radio begins broadcasting from Moscow
1927 Hermann Gorner of Germany raises 24 men weighing 4,123 lbs on a plank with the soles of his feet
1929 Cubs blow 8-0 world series lead, A's score 10 in 1 inning (World Series #26) (wait till next year)
1931 1st International Conference on Calendar Reform
1933 Alcatraz becomes a federal prison (unofficially)
1933 John Dillinger escapes from the Allen County, OH, jail
1941 Russian govt moves from Moscow to Volga as Nazis close in on Moscow
1942 US navy defeats Japanese in WW II Battle of Cape Esperance
1948 Casey Stengel takes over as Yankee manager
1949 Eugenie Anderson becomes 1st woman ambassador nominated in US
1957 1st coml flight between Calif & Antartica
1960 Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe at UN General Assembly session
1962 US/USSR sign joint space effort in telecommunications & meteorology
1963 Archaeological digs begin at Masada, Israel
1963 At 4 AM, traffic on Bay Bridge is 1-way on each deck
1964 Launch of Voskhod 1, 1st 3 man crew (Komarov, Feokistov, Yegorov)
1967 St Louis Cards beat Boston Red Sox, 4 games to 3 in 64th World Series as Lou Brock steals a record 7 bases in 1 world series
1968 19th modern Olympic games opens in Mexico City
1968 Equatorial Guinea gains independence from Spain (National Day)
1968 Norma Enriqueta Basilio Satelo is 1st woman to light Olympic flame
1969 KDB-AM in Santa Barbara CA changes call letters to KAPN
1969 Soyuz 7 is launched
1969 Yoko Ono suffers another miscarriage
1972 46 sailors injured in race riot on aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk
1972 Billy Harris failed in 1st Islander penalty shot
1972 Mariner 9 takes pictures of Martian north pole
1973 Nixon nominates Gerald Ford to replace Spiro Agnew as VP
1974 1st time Wash Caps are shut out as they are beat 6-0 by Minnesota
1975 Archbishop Oliver Plunkett became 1st Irish-born saint in 7 centuries
1975 NASA launches space vehicle S-195
1976 4th Space Shuttle Enterprise, approach & land test (ALT) flight
1976 Hua Guo-feng succeeds Mao Tse-tung as chairman of Communist Party
1977 4th test of the space shuttle Enterprise
1977 Psychic Romark attempts to drive blindfolded, smashed into cop van
1977 US Supreme Court heard arguments in "reverse discrimination" case of Allan Bakke, white student denied admission to U of Calif Med School
1978 Representatives of Israel & Egypt open talks in Washington
1982 38.6 cm (15.2") of rainfall, Angoon, Alaska (state record)
1982 Milwaukee Brewer Paul Molitor gets world series record 5 hits (World Series #79)
1984 IRA bombs hotel where Margaret Thatcher is staying
1985 Challenger moves to Vandenberg AFB for mating of STS 61A mission
1985 Intl Physicians for Prevention of Nuclear War receives Nobel Prize
1986 Calif Angels within 1 pitch of pennant victory lose to Red Sox
1987 George Harrison releases "Got My Mind Set On You"
1987 Minnesota Twins beat Detroit Tigers for AL pennant
1988 Israel & China sign trade deal, plan diplomatic relations
1989 Herschel Walker is traded from Cowboys to Vikings for 12 players
1992 Expo '92 closes in Seville Spain


2000 17 sailors were killed when an explosion rocked the U.S.S. Cole as it refueled in Yemen. President Clinton blamed the attack on accused terrorist Osama bin Laden.




Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Equatorial Guinea : Independence Day (1968)
Mexico, Latin America : Dia de la Raza/Day of the Race
Spain : National Day
Sudan : Republican Anniversary Day
US : Official Columbus Day (1492)
National Dessert Day (life is uncertain, so have dessert first)
National Pasta Week (Day 2)
National Popcorn Poppin' Month
Vegetarian Awareness Month(get in touch with your inner Brussels Sprout)



Religious Observances
Feast of St. Dismas, the Good Thief.
Feast of St. Wilfrid, Bishop of York
Sukkot


Religious History
1518 Summoned before Cardinal Thomas Cajetan, German reformer Martin Luther, 35, refused to recant the 95 theses he had posted the previous October on the chapel door at Wittenberg Castle.
1812 The Half Moon Bluff Baptist Church was organized near Clifton. It was the first Baptist congregation to be constituted in the American territory now comprising the state of Louisiana.
1883 Birth of C. Harold Lowden, American sacred composer. His most enduring hymn tunes today are GENEVA ("God Who Touchest Earth with Beauty") and LIVING ("Living for Jesus a Life That is True").
1949 American missionary and martyr Jim Elliot wrote in his journal: 'For my generation I must have the oracles of God in fresh terms.'
1971 The rock musical "Jesus Christ, Superstar" debuted on Broadway. (Twenty years later, the actor who played the part of Jesus, Jeff Fenholt became a born-again Christian.)

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.


Thought for the day :
"He who is good for making excuses is seldom good for anything else."


Gender Dictionary...
ENTERTAINMENT (en-ter-tayn-ment) n.

A. Female...A good movie, concert, play or book.

B. Male...Anything that can be done while drinking.


Lesser Known Breeds of Dogs - Cross Breeds...
Bull Terrier + Shitzu = Bullshitz, a gregarious but unreliable breed


The Ultimate Scientific Dictionary...
Research:
(Irregular noun) That which I do for the benefit of humanity, you do for the money, he does to hog all the glory.


Things you would like to say at work, but won't...
Thank you. We're all refreshed and challenged by your unique point of view.


24 posted on 10/12/2004 6:32:22 AM PDT by Valin (I'll try being nicer if you'll try being smarter.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: snippy_about_it; bentfeather; Samwise
Good morning ladies. Tank Buster Flag-o-gram.


25 posted on 10/12/2004 6:34:28 AM PDT by Professional Engineer (I sent JohnRob 39 cents to supersize my tagl)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 5 | View Replies]

To: Neil E. Wright

Morning Neil.

From what I understand there are still Weasels out there for sale. It does look like it's be a blast to drive.


26 posted on 10/12/2004 6:47:01 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 14 | View Replies]

To: A Jovial Cad
Morning Jovial Cad.

After Hitler invaded Norway in 1940, it became pretty much a "side-show". Something Hitler never accepted, he had a paranoia about an Allied landing in Norway. Good for us, bad for him.
27 posted on 10/12/2004 6:51:25 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 15 | View Replies]

To: Aeronaut

Morning Aeronaut


28 posted on 10/12/2004 6:51:43 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 16 | View Replies]

To: E.G.C.

Morning E.G.C.

No fog today, at least not around my house.


29 posted on 10/12/2004 6:52:20 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 17 | View Replies]

To: The Mayor
Morning Mayor

Small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger.

Sounds like my last job. ;-)

30 posted on 10/12/2004 6:53:42 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 18 | View Replies]

To: Professional Engineer; snippy_about_it; SAMWolf; Samwise; The Mayor; PhilDragoo; Matthew Paul; ...

Good morning everyone!
WOO HOO Thread Head Tuesday!

31 posted on 10/12/2004 6:53:46 AM PDT by Soaring Feather (~Poetry is my forte.~)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 25 | View Replies]

To: E.G.C.

Thanks E.G.C.

Useful info. You going to try SP2 yet?


32 posted on 10/12/2004 6:55:10 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 19 | View Replies]

To: manna
Hi Manna!


33 posted on 10/12/2004 6:55:41 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 20 | View Replies]

To: alfa6
Morning alfa6.

A DC-3, one of the worlds classic planes and the basis for the C-47.


34 posted on 10/12/2004 6:58:45 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 22 | View Replies]

To: Cannoneer No. 4

Morning Cannoneer No. 4!!


35 posted on 10/12/2004 6:59:06 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 23 | View Replies]

To: Valin
2000 17 sailors were killed when an explosion rocked the U.S.S. Cole as it refueled in Yemen. President Clinton blamed the attack on accused terrorist Osama bin Laden.

And once again did nothing about it other than use it as a photo op to talk tough.

36 posted on 10/12/2004 7:03:46 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 24 | View Replies]

To: Professional Engineer

Morning PE.

OOOOOOO! An A-10!!


37 posted on 10/12/2004 7:04:44 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 25 | View Replies]

To: bentfeather

Morning Feather.

Nice of you to rush home in time for Treadhead Tuesday. ;-)


38 posted on 10/12/2004 7:05:23 AM PDT by SAMWolf (I came, I saw, got sidetracked, forgot why I was here ..)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 31 | View Replies]

To: SAMWolf

LOL!! Can't miss one episode!!


39 posted on 10/12/2004 7:11:30 AM PDT by Soaring Feather (~Poetry is my forte.~)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 38 | View Replies]

To: Professional Engineer

Cool Flag-o-gram today!


40 posted on 10/12/2004 7:12:48 AM PDT by Soaring Feather (~Poetry is my forte.~)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 25 | View Replies]


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-2021-4041-6061-8081-95 next last

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
VetsCoR
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson