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More than Three-Fifths Human
The Harvard Crimson ^ | September 1, 2014 | Temitope Agabalogun, Amanda D. Bradley and Jasmine S. Burnett

Posted on 09/03/2014 2:54:18 PM PDT by 2ndDivisionVet

Approximately two times a week in the United States, between 2006 and 2012, a white police officer killed a black person.

On August 9, it happened again. That day, Ferguson, Mo., police officer Darren Wilson shot and killed Michael Brown, an 18-year-old, unarmed black teenager, as he was walking home from a convenience store with a friend. According to a private autopsy report commissioned by the family, Brown was shot four times in his right arm and twice in the head.

None of those shots appear to have been taken at close range.

Brown’s body was left in the street, uncovered, for four hours, reminiscent of the days when black men and women were lynched and left hanging—a signal to the rest of the community to stay in line and remain conscious of their oppression. Witnesses have reported that Brown’s hands were in the air, and that Brown was unarmed, at the time he was killed.

As of yet, Officer Wilson’s police department and friends of the officer are the only individuals who have challenged this narrative given by several eyewitnesses. They claim Brown was aggressive and reaching for the officer’s gun. Following his death, community members have had to defend Brown to the public as a nice, black teenager, and not a dangerous black thug; that he was fully human and whole, and not three-fifths of a person; that he was somebody’s son, brother, and nephew, despite how anonymously black he may have appeared to Wilson.

But the Ferguson Police Department was not going to stand by as Brown’s achievements and humanity dominated reports of the shooting. On the same day he released Wilson’s name, Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson released a video to reporters implicating Brown in a strong-arm robbery at a local convenience store just before his death. In the press conference, Chief Jackson claimed that the tape was released “because the press asked for it” and that the initial contact between Officer Wilson and Brown was not related to the robbery. Wilson was not aware of the robbery when he confronted Brown.

But in doing this, Chief Jackson minimized Brown’s position as the victim and distracted from his department’s failure to release a thorough police report connected to Brown’s shooting.

In this way, Brown was put on trial for his own death—Wilson supporters argued that Michael was a thief and an aggressor, while Brown’s community and family reminded the public that he was friendly, non-threatening, and college-bound to justify his right to life.

Though these traits and accomplishments have nothing to do with Brown’s humanity and his right to live, because he was a black man they seemed necessary for others to empathize with him as a victim. No person should have to rationalize his or her own right to live—whether rich or poor, white or black, college-bound or dropout.

Recognizing this, a few days after Michael Brown’s death, black Twitter users created the hashtag #IfTheyGunnedMeDown. Along with the hashtag, users typically uploaded two photos of themselves—one in which they appeared respectable, usually flaunting a ceremonial graduation robe or dressed for a professional occasion, and another in which they came across as what some would deem as thuggish or unclassy.

This Twitter campaign raised serious questions about how the media chooses to portray black victims, and particularly how they chose to portray Mike Brown following his death. The trend of dehumanizing and striking black victims of their innocence was evident in the media’s coverage of Trayvon Martin’s death just two years ago.

Because of this pattern, black youth question how the public measures their humanity. “What if I didn’t have a respectable photo to effectively cancel out my thug-esque photo, and which would the media use if I was gunned down in the streets?” “Do I need evidence of my success to justify my right to live?”

Unfortunately, based on recent cases, it appears that this evidence is a necessity. That there is a need for black people to display a degree of success before being deemed fully human in America is insulting and indicative of an extreme lack of progress.

However, even when this evidence of success is present, to some, black youth will never be deserving of sympathy or grief. Since Michael’s death, a “Support for Officer Wilson” Facebook page was created and supporters have rallied and gathered on Wilson’s behalf. The creators of the Facebook page also set up a GoFundMe account for Wilson, raising over $200,000. Donations for Wilson have surpassed donations for Brown’s family. These donations were often accompanied with racist and offensive remarks. One user wrote, “Thanks for taking out the trash”, with his $15 donation. Another person noted they would have donated more if Wilson had also shot the friend who was walking with Brown before Wilson killed him.

While a family and community are mourning the death of a young man, others sympathize with the killer and laud the death of the slain.

Unfortunately, this situation is not unfamiliar. The refusal to fully acknowledge black victimization is ever-present in our sociopolitical discourse. Consistently, black people are blamed for and told to take responsibility for their own poverty, poor education, and general oppression in the United States, an argument that altogether ignores the reality that there were never adequate programs and provisions to put blacks on equal footing as whites after slavery and Jim Crow.

Moreover, the continued refusal to criminalize white people for black death continues to suggest to black people that there will never be any justice for them in the United States. Officer Wilson will likely be absolved of wrongdoing, and substantive policy changes to prevent further shooting deaths of black youth will fall to the wayside.

Some detractors who speak out against protesters of the police’s handling of the Michael Brown case say that we should wait for the investigations (one by a grand jury and the other a federal civil case) to be completed.

In the United States, local law enforcement kills approximately 400 people per year. The majority of individuals targeted and killed in these altercations are minorities, and police are rarely indicted or convicted in the following investigations. Despite this pervasive use of deadly force in the line of duty, little has been done. Darren Wilson will likely walk free, and attempts to prevent future cases of deadly force will continue to be ineffective.

This denial of white criminality and black victimization, unless the black person displays some tint of exceptionalism, places black people in a double bind—they are told that they have to be successful in order to be deemed fully human but often aren’t given the resources they need to accomplish this success.

You can’t pull yourself up by your bootstraps if you never had shoes to begin with.

*****

Temitope Agabalogun ’15 is a human evolutionary biology concentrator in Dunster House. Amanda D. Bradley ’15 is a joint sociology and government concentrator in Dunster House. Jasmine S. Burnett ’16 is a government concentrator in Lowell House.


TOPICS: Crime/Corruption; Culture/Society; Government; Politics/Elections
KEYWORDS: blacks; ferguson; michaelbrown; trayvon
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To: 2ndDivisionVet
He was able to hold up a convenience store without a gun?

Exactly. Chalk this up to a good learning experience re The Harvard Crimson.
61 posted on 09/03/2014 5:31:09 PM PDT by Shannon
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To: 2ndDivisionVet
There's an old saying, "You can always tell a Harvard man, but you can't tell him much."

Some things never change.

62 posted on 09/03/2014 5:32:05 PM PDT by Calvin Locke
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To: GraceG

The original 3/5ths argument arose in 1783 as an amendment to the Articles of Confederation. It was proposed as a way of determining the wealth of each state. This was how Congress intended to assign tax obligations of the states.

The southern states were incensed. “Blacks were property and had no say in anything so they shouldn’t be counted” was their argument. Then came the horse-trading with one side offering to count them each as 1/2 a man, and the other demanding a 3/4ths ratio. Ultimately the amendment failed.

It was a mere four years later when the quandary came up again. This time it was for purposes of representation. The north argued that since southern blacks were nothing more than property and couldn’t vote they didn’t need representation. The south this time demanded that their property count as full human beings - but only to the extent that it profited their masters in Congress.

The same negotiations took place but this time the 3/5ths rule was accepted and the south took an advantage that tipped the balance of power for nearly 78 years.


63 posted on 09/03/2014 6:16:01 PM PDT by rockrr (Everything is different now...)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

Dunster House = Dumpster House


64 posted on 09/03/2014 6:44:09 PM PDT by Henry Hnyellar
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

better name is the “stop cops killing our black felons” movement.


65 posted on 09/03/2014 7:21:42 PM PDT by Secret Agent Man ( Gone Galt; Not averse to Going Bronson.)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

“Convicting Darren Wilson Will Be Basically Impossible: You can thank Missouri law for that”

Feds have announce that they are investigating the entire Ferguson police department for civil rights violations. They learned from TM not to wait around. This time they are going for blood.


66 posted on 09/03/2014 7:57:15 PM PDT by TexasGator
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To: Shimmer1

I forgot... (well not really, ha)

You’re right though.


67 posted on 09/03/2014 10:39:31 PM PDT by DoughtyOne (We'll know when he's really hit bottom. They'll start referring to him as White.)
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To: MadMax, the Grinning Reaper

In theory he could still have been walking home at the time he ran into the officers.

He wasn’t shot for that though. He was shot for charging an officer.

No he certainly wasn’t a nice little gentle 300lb baby huey.

Got that right.

The writer of this article was seriously challenged...


68 posted on 09/03/2014 10:43:13 PM PDT by DoughtyOne (We'll know when he's really hit bottom. They'll start referring to him as White.)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

Black shooting victims are no longer being discriminated against, they are participants in their own demise with very few exceptions. (if any)

The culture is also a participant where today it is a hip and popular thing to dis the man...involving a number of white victims as well.

This cultural thing has affected the LEO’s who are in fear as they travel the fruited plain of the US. As a direct result they are more likely to use deadly force, be they black, white or brown.

I don’t have the answer to fix it...


69 posted on 09/03/2014 10:47:41 PM PDT by Cold Heat (Have you reached your breaking point yet? If not now....then when?)
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To: TexasGator
What I've heard is that Wilson had just wrapped up some sort of medical emergency call and was back on patrol, having missed the first BOLO about the robbery. Then he came across Michael Brown and Dorian Johnson walking down the middle of the street, ordered them to get back on the sidewalk, and continued driving. However, something was not quite right about their attitude, so he paused to observe them in his rear-view mirror.

About that time, he heard a second BOLO on his radio about the store robbery, whereupon he realized that Brown might be carrying the stolen cigars. He backed up and confronted Brown, whereupon the Gentle Giant charged and attempted to disarm him, but failed when the weapon went off. Brown retreated, but then charged again, resulting in his death.

This is consistent with the Brown family's commissioned autopsy results (LOL!).

Hahvard sucks.

70 posted on 09/03/2014 11:17:12 PM PDT by cynwoody
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

This is from Harvard?

Let’s dispose of the “three-fifths human” lie. No where in the law or Constitution of the U.S. is this claim made. Nowhere. It is a lie which preys upon ignorance.

What is in the Constitution is the counting of persons for purposes of determining the number of Representatives in the House of Representatives, Article 1 Section 2, which states “the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons” the purpose of which was to weaken slave states so that slavery may be eliminated.

The purpose of the “three-fifths” requirement is the opposite of what the liars claim.


71 posted on 09/04/2014 12:45:21 AM PDT by Ray76 (True change requires true change - A Second Party ...or else it's more of the same...)
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To: Cold Heat
...they are participants in their own demise...

IOW, the COD is "Death by Misadventure".

72 posted on 09/04/2014 8:28:56 AM PDT by Calvin Locke
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To: DoughtyOne

So true. They showed a 70 year old indigent white man in a large city who was knocked out by a black punk. The likes of Holder and Obama could care less about this older man as he is WHITE.In my opinion -

“Obama and Holder are the real racists.”


73 posted on 09/04/2014 6:18:34 PM PDT by Lumper20 ( clown in Chief has own Gov employees Gestapo)
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To: Lumper20

Of course they are.

Obama, Holder, Jackson, Sharpton, NAACP, LaRaza, MALDEF, La Mecha...

Don’t you dare even mention a white rights effort.


74 posted on 09/04/2014 7:45:49 PM PDT by DoughtyOne (We'll know when he's really hit bottom. They'll start referring to him as White.)
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