Not at all. There is no limit to the number of times cloture can be invoked on a single subject.
-- What happens now will determine if his vote was to preserve viability of the bill or not. --
That is certainly true.
One thing that most people mistake is that a failed cloture vote = bill/matter is dead. That is a false belief. Cloture is used to limit debate, not kill a bill. The way to kill a bill is with a motion to table. If a motion to table passes (simple majority, cloture is not involved), the thing is dead.
I appreciate the correction and better information, FRiend.