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The Hail Mary and Hail Holy Queen only name one and are principally focused at Jesus' Mother.

So, so wrong: "The Lord is with Thee"; "Mother of God". Two Persons of the Blessed Trinity mentioned.

Almighty, everlasting God, who by the co-operation of the Holy Spirit didst prepare the body and soul of the glorious Virgin-Mother Mary to become a dwelling-place meet for thy Son: grant that as we rejoice in her commemoration; so by her fervent intercession we may be delivered from present evils and from everlasting death. Through the same Christ our Lord. Amen.

All three Persons of the Holy Trinity mentioned.

So, so wrong: "The Lord is with Thee"; "Mother of God". Two Persons of the Blessed Trinity mentioned.

In Mother of God, it is a reference to Jesus. Jesus is the only person of the Trinity that Mary is the mother of. As for the Lord, Jesus is Our Lord.

Council of Laodicea, 390 AD: “Canon 33. No one shall pray in common with heretics and schismatics.

Non-christians are neither heretics nor schismatics (nor apostates for that matter).

Did Jesus Christ teach different prayers to the Jews than to the Gentiles? Did His Apostles?

This statement is near impossible to accurately measure one way or the other. We only have a record of a few instances of direct evangelization by a handful of Apostles (by themselves).

Did any popes, until Humble Jorge came along, teach different strokes for different folks?

Pope Francis published a prayer specifically designed to be prayed with non-Christians. This is not teaching different strokes for different folks. While on that topic, the Catholic Church does permit Eastern Catholic to have a different liturgy from Western Catholics and even permits the bishops, priests and deacons to discourage Eastern Catholics from praying the Rosary.