On Jan. 4, 1944, Field Marshal Erich von Manstein flew from the Eastern Front to see Adolf Hitler, determined to change the Führer's mind. Manstein had tried before—he had pushed hard for a radical realignment of forces in the east—but now his army was facing defeat. "One thing we must be clear about, mein Führer," Manstein said, "is that the extremely critical situation we are now in cannot be put down to the enemy's superiority alone, great though it is. It is also due to the way in which we are led." Hitler, Manstein later recalled, "stared at me with...