Clinical Context Few topics in the field of preventive medicine are contentious as prostate cancer screening. Widespread screening for prostate cancer has had a remarkable effect on the epidemiology of this tumor, as demonstrated in a study by Welch and Albertsen published in the October 7, 2009, issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Their study found that the introduction of routine prostate cancer screening led to approximately 1.3 million more men being diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States alone. Men younger than 60 years accounted for most of this surge in cases. The authors estimated...