Christopher Dick
Assistant Professor, EEB; Assistant Curator, U-M Herbarium
Ph.D., Harvard University, 1999
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Kapok trees are challenging the notion that African and South American rainforests are similar.
Credit: Zina Deretsky, National Science Foundation
Has anyone studied the similarities between the jungles on the two continents?
Found: 1975, in Lapa Vermelha, Brazil
Age: 11,500 years
Discoverer: Annete Emperaire
Significance: The oldest dated skeleton from the Americas, this young woman with African features may be part of the first wave of immigrants to South America.
Dozens of skeletons have emerged from the caves dotting Lagoa Santa in eastern Brazil, but one in particular has recently caused a stir -- 25 years after it was dug up from a 40-foot-deep pit.
New dating of the bones have determined that Luzia (her name pays homage to the famous African fossil "Lucy," who lived 3.2 million years ago) is the most ancient known American, with remains 11,500 years old.
Luzia died in her early 20s. Although flint tools were found nearby, hers are the only human remains in Vermelha Cave.
The anatomy of her skull and teeth - including a narrow, oval cranium, projecting face and pronounced chin - likens Luzia to Africans and Australasians. Brazilian anthropologists propose that Luzia traveled across the Bering Strait, perhaps following the coastline by boat, from northeast Asia, where her ancestors had lived for tens of thousands of years since exiting Africa.
(Since this article was written, Arlington Springs Woman has been found to be the oldest human skeleton found in the Americas)