..."In any case, the haplogroup R1b, which originated during the last ice age at least 18.500 years ago,[21] when Human groups settled in the south of Europe and that is currently common in the European population, can be found most frequently in the Basque Country (91%), Wales (89%) and Ireland (81%). The current population of the R1b from western Europe would probably come from a climatic refuge in the Iberian Peninsula, where the haplogroup R1b1c (R1b1b2 or R1b3) originated. During the Allerød oscillation, circa 12.000 years ago, descendants of this population would have repopulated Western Europe.[17] The rare variety R1b1c4 (R1b1b2a2c) has almost always been found among the Basque people, both in the Northern and Southern Basque Country. The variety R1b1c6 (R1b1b2a2d) registers a high incidence in the Basque population, 19%.[22]"
Etymology of the words
Jose Miguel Barandiaran, patriarch of the Basque culture, presented the thesis of the Neolithic origin of the Basque language when analyzing the etymology of several Basque words. Based on the fact that Basque is a descriptive and agglutinative language, he points out that some words clearly describe instruments and ideas from Prehistoric times. An example of this is the word "aizkora" (axe), which includes the root "haiz" that means "rock", describing the tool as made of rock, when, since Neolithic times, the axes have been made from steel, iron, or copper, while some other researchers believe that the word "aizkora" is actually a loan word from the Latin asciola "hatchet". We also have the word "arto" (corn, and before its arrival, millet); the root is "hartu", which means "to pick", and that literally would mean "what is picked" or "the thing that is picked", pointing the times when the harvest was still not common. The names of fruit trees native of the country are named in Basque with the name of the fruit and the indication "next to" (as in "located next to"), so we have "sagarrondo" (apple tree), 'next to the apple'; "madariondo" (pear tree), 'next to the pear'; "mahatsondo" (vitis), 'next to the grapes', etc.
The Greeks and then the Romans regularly made slaves of the Guanches.
Maybe asciola and aizkora are evidence that the Seminole Indians sailed across to Spain in ancient times and introduced the people to the hatchet, which was then named in honor of the Seminole war leader Osceola.