Alexander the Great spent only a few months in Afghanistan, and managed to convert the entire region to Greek civilization.
America with all our technology spent 20 years a trillions of dollars there and utterly failed to do the same.
After the Taliban was beaten back into a few enclaves during that first year, the US should have made a deal with the rest of Afghanistan that every year we'd buy at a fixed price all the heroin they could produce, arm everyone in the country with nice cheap AK47s off the open market, and then work on the Taliban's cash sources and arms sources. Then knock off the Iranian mullahcracy, same deal, and come home.
Also, Alexander was conquering areas already under Persian rule, and he had the good sense to not uproot the practices of the Persians for the most part.
The native speakers of Aramaic, the Arameans, settled in great numbers in Babylonia and Upper Mesopotamia during the ages of the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Empires. The massive influx of settlers led to the adoption of Aramaic as the lingua franca of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. After the Achaemenid conquest of Mesopotamia in 539 BC, the Achaemenids continued the use of Aramaic as the language of the region, further extending its prevalence by making it the imperial standard (thus "Imperial" Aramaic) so it may be the "vehicle for written communication between the different regions of the vast empire with its different peoples and languages." The adoption of a single official language for the various regions of the empire is attributed to the unprecedented success of the Persians in maintaining the expanse of their territory for the amount of time they did.
He didn’t “convert it to Greek civilization “ he took over some Persian cities. And his soldiers that left behind founded Greek modelled cities that quickly became localized