Assuming there’s no capacitors or capacitor capability, the last known location of the phone will be where you removed a battery with at least a partial charge.
IOW, if you have collection of old phones, like the one I retired last year, it would have pinged until the battery died (any capacitor would have run out eventually, too).
Capacitors (as I understand it) gave us “instant-on” TV where they didn’t “warm up” - storing energy. This is why it was dangerous to work inside an unplugged instant-on TV. Capacitors were also a way for storing energy for shooting electric-based power. I heard of satellite applications.
I’m sure we have people more articulate in this category here if they can add comments.
Thank you. Of course, many of today’s phones are sealed so pulling the battery isn’t even an option.